Holocaust free essay sample

Passing is a piece of life. I comprehend it now. In any case, it just appears to be off-base that the last piece of your life ought to be welcomed on so rapidly, without assent, without reason. My English educator gives us what hellfire resembles. It is gas loads, and firearms, and scorn, Hitlers face embellished upon pennants glaring down at you. It is seeing your companions kick the bucket before your eyes. It is being compelled to push your own mom into a stove. It is bidding farewell to your lone sister, realizing that she will escape through the fireplace, killed by the coldblooded, perverted inglorius watches attempting to maintain Hitler. I see hellfire with my own two eyes, stroll through it with my own two feet. I close my eyes and let the breeze take me to an alternate time, in an alternate world. I consider what it might have been want to live there. We will compose a custom paper test on Holocaust or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A pink triangle nailed to me. Why pink? Pink is for the gay people. Swallowing, I look left, to one side. Individuals string off in the two bearings. The sky is dark with spirits rejocing in their opportunity. Individuals in stripes loom at me, their appearances pointed and cruel, hungry eyes meeting mine. Their shoes are worm and darkened with earth. A mother supports her youngster, holding it to her bosom. Somebody calls my name, twitching me to the present. The breeze murmurs in the trees, the quieted shouts of a huge number of killed individuals. My companion remains before an exibit, motioning for me to join her. From the start it appears to be unremarkable. Shoes litter the floor, feet down, every single distinctive size, styles and hues. At that point I understand with a nauseating shock what this is. These shoes are the main remanents of their proprietors. My jaw hits the floor as my blue eyes examine this ocean of shoes, focusing on a solitary babys shoe. A child, not yet ma ture enough to walk, murdered. A high heel, in a similar style as I like. Tennis shoes. Pads. Mary-Janes. Shoes. Each shoe possible, darkened by the remains of its proprietor and built up with soil, lies before me. My throat goes dry and my blood surges out of my face as I see a couple simply like the ones decorating my feet now, a similar size, a similar shading, once. I envision her strolling through here, alarmed each day of not seeing the light of the following one, and afterward having her most noticeably awful feelings of dread figured it out. Tears gag me. I get it, feeling the unpleasant cowhide disintegrate under my delicate touch. I support it to my bosom, wishing I could show its proprietor a similar love. Next comes the freight car, where Hitlers detainees were kept as they were brought from the ghettos to the death camps, without food or water, for a considerable length of time! I close my eyes once more. The crying of a child pierced my eardrum. Its mom stroked it, mur muring guarantees everybody knew were purposeless. Some peered out the window at Germany as it sped by, said their farewells to this world. We were solid. We as a whole had somebody to be solid for. The present jarrs me wakeful once more, and I discover tears waiting in my eyes. Next is the crematorium. Candles are the main light here, giving it a spooky, omnious sparkle. I feel the agony and enduring transmit off these dividers, hear their yells, smell their dread, can nearly taste the displeasure noticeable all around outrage very much positioned, outrage at Hitler. Outrage at the Nazis. Furious at the world for this to have the option to occur. Trembling, I make the slightest effort to the names ingraved on the dividers of the individuals who passed on here. My heart stops when I see W. Wa. Wal My family was executed here as well, killed mercilessly by perverted, pediophilic Nazi rats! Outrage ascends in my chest, held back with cries. They assault my body, leaving me whining, a little, trembling, vulnerable thing. Warm arms fold over me, arms soothing me from an earlier time, arms separating me from Hitlers horrendous deed, controlling me from destroying this whole doomed spot. I cry in my companion Rachels arms. She cries with me when she discovers her family members carved on the divider. We should always remember what occurred here in the Nazi death camps. What befell honest, customary individuals like you or I. It makes me so harshly angry of my mop of brilliant hair, of the sapphire blue eyes that look free from it. The sort of appearance Hitler looked to make as the one and only one. I was enraged to be under Hitlers thought of flawlessness, a disdain so solid I long to color my hair dark. In any case, doing so will comprehend nothing. We should remeber that affection is infinatly solid, satisfaction is abstract, and words are interminably incredible.

Vacation free essay sample

Since my youth my folks have consistently instructed me to appreciate all aspects of my life, regardless of how conventional it might appear. Prior to the mid year of 2005, I never believed that there was anything uncommon about living in Sugar Land, Texas. To me the roads, level fields, and down home music never appeared as though anything I would ever miss. For a very long time all I needed was to escape Texas, however whenever I got the opportunity to leave, everything I could reconsider was getting back home. For a great many people going through three weeks crossing along the Tuscan wide open is a fantasy get-away. The moving slopes and amazing perspectives have pulled in visitors, including my family, to the Italian wide open for ages. During my first week abroad, I’ll concede that I absorbed the remote air. The possibility of another and secretive language, food and culture intrigued me. For those seven days I was completely caught up in turning out to be something I would never be-Italian. We will compose a custom article test on Excursion or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It was as though I wished to forsake my own legacy and personality for something new that had no connection to me by any stretch of the imagination. Sooner or later along the beautiful drive among Florence and Genoa, it hit me: I didn’t need to discard who I was for any remote miracles. I couldn’t deny the way that Italy was a wonderful nation, however I had no passionate association with it. Sugar Land was my home, and it was the place I had a place. From this vital second on, all I longed for was to get back. Each time a server served me gnocchi, I envisioned it was a twofold cheeseburger from Original Eat’s. I no longer felt marvel and wonderment while visiting the old Roman remnants; I just observed old rocks. The Italian field not, at this point felt mystical and secretive to me, and by that point, the time had come to return home. The nine-hour plane ride felt like an unending length of time, however once we contacted down a shivering sensation spread all through my body. I was at long last home once more, and I couldn’t stand by to walk into the delightfully moist Sugar Land air! The whole ride home everything I could see was the means by which stunning and beautiful Texas truly was. There was so much magnificence covered up in every single corner that I thought that it was overpowering. I’d never believed that I would miss Sugar Land, however getting back home I understood that it was a genuine piece of what my identity was. The level, green land was the establishment of my soul and the blue, Southern skies were the motivation to my spirit. I understood that I was really Texan, and that all my environmental factors had helped shape me into what my identity was. I think it’s intriguing how I would never relate to my home until I left it. Presently I comprehend that the ordinary pieces of my life in Sugar Land are actually the most prized cherishes in my heart. Presently thinking back, all my time spent living in Sugar Land makes me grin. Living in Sugar Land has given me two significant apparatuses: my home, and my feeling of myself. There’s most likely that I would be totally extraordinary individual on the off chance that I had never moved to Sugar Land. There’s no spot on the planet that I relate to more than Sugar Land, and I think it’s like that for anybody who’s developed to adore the city. The scene, alongside the individuals, has helped structure every last bit of my spirit, psyche and heart. For me, living in Sugar Land is something beyond being in a spot; its being some place that I call home. Presently I can unhesitatingly say that being a Texan is the kind of person I am, and there’s no c hance I could ever change that.

Legalization of Marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sanctioning of Marijuana - Research Paper Example A similar way, if individuals had the option to look past the inebriating idea of maryjane that prompts its maltreatment, they would have the option to locate a few positive qualities of this substance, which can be utilized to the benefit of a few causes. These attributes are copious, and in this way fortify the possibility that cannabis ought to be authorized. One very notable clinical utilization of pot is in the treatment and control of glaucoma (ProCon.org, 2011). This ailment influences a few people each year. The fundamental manifestation is intraocular pressure in the eye, which is a raised weight, which causes nerve harm and weakens the vision of the patient, some of the time to the degree of visual impairment. While maryjane isn't constantly useful in restoring this illness, it has a functioning fixing THC, which lessens the intraocular pressure in the eye. This doesn't fix the patient’s glaucoma totally. Notwithstanding, it prevents a portion of the unsalvageable ne rve harm that glaucoma causes, and decelerates the pace of visual impairment beginning for the patient (Jacob, pp. 75-120). Specialists (Jacob, pp. 75-120) frequently scrutinize this utilization of weed as a glaucoma treatment because of two reasons. Initially, they article to utilizing a psychoactive substance for therapeutic purposes, since it has a few drawbacks and symptoms, for example, addictiveness and inebriation. In any case, note that the mitigation of the indication of such an ailment cause the reactions to appear to be little in contrast with the more prominent advantage that it gives the patients. The second motivation behind why the utilization of weed is condemned is that it doesn't really fix the patient’s glaucoma, however just defers the beginning of the extreme side effects (Jacob, pp. 75-120). That is, there is no genuine fix appended with this treatment; it just controls them enough to cause a postponement in the patient getting visually impaired or bring ing about nerve harm. Once more, it is essential to note to see the circumstance from the patient’s viewpoint, who might invite any postpone in the beginning of such impeding indications. Therefore, this ought to give a few grounds to the thought of the authorization of weed. Aside from this, a significantly more prominent therapeutic use for pot is as a painkiller. The University of California directed a few examinations (California Secretary of State, 2010), which presumed that cannabis could be an exceptionally powerful painkiller for patients enduring ailments like malignant growth, HIV, and various sclerosis (Doheny, pp. 1-3). Malignant growth patients in the last phases of disease experience significant levels of torment to which standard painkillers are exceptionally insufficient, prompting an elevated level of languishing over these withering patients. Maryjane, other than its notorious notoriety as an exceptionally mishandled psychoactive substance, is likewise an ex tremely successful painkiller, which can significantly help decline the torment of such patients (Messerli, pp. 1). Be that as it may, it doesn't get the due significance here because of its dubious nature. Besides, examines have affirmed its viability as a painkiller for individuals experiencing spinal line wounds and numerous sclerosis. Every one of these conditions cause outrageous agony to the patient, and barely any of the painkillers regulated to them are powerful enough to reduce the torment. Accordingly, the administration ought to consider the utilization of

Essay Topics - MBA Class Essay Topics

Essay Topics - MBA Class Essay TopicsAs a recent college graduate, I was privileged to attend some great seminars and events that taught me the value of Business Law Essay Topics. This helped me see how some Essay Topics that I had never even thought about before could actually turn into business law. Therefore, it is essential that every prospective attorney become well versed in the Law Topics, so as to excel in the business field.In today's highly competitive business environment, the Law Topics are very important. Every attorney has to understand that, before one even considers the business side of their career, they need to know the basics and do some research before being drafted. Here is a short list of some Business Law Essay Topics that you might want to consider.First and foremost, Business Law is a hard legal field, especially for a law student, especially with all the intricacies that business law has. For this reason, Business Law Essay Topics for both the freshman and j unior level law students must be prepared by a Law student mentor. All one needs to do is contact a law school mentor to find out more information about this program. The mentor can be found on LawSchoolProwler.com.Second, Business Law topics also include advertising, mergers and acquisitions, competition, personal injury and attorney liability, tax matters, and how to prove a case in court. If you are wondering how many topics there are, then you will be surprised. In my particular case, I found out that there are 15 Law Essay Topics that are required for every JD.Third, as a law student, you should also look into the Business Law Essay Topics for the new law students. These topics include the Federal Trademark Act, the Federal Communications Act, and the War Labor Disputes Act. In fact, these topics are quite confusing as most of the students think that there are more than five of them. Fourth, Business Law Essay Topics also includes corporate succession, the liquidation of a corp oration, merger and acquisition, and corporate governance. So, if you are wondering what other Business Law Essay Topics is there, then I would advise you to visit Law School Prowler.com, as the sites already provide much more than you might think.Last, Law is one of the most rewarding career choices one can make, and is easily comparable to other careers like law, medicine, or finance. Most of the students who took this profession, were so successful, that they even earned enough money to retire. So, if you are interested in pursuing an excellent career, start researching Business Law Essay Topics.

Story about Frankenstein - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1068 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? Prompt: Write a well organized essay in which you explain the allusion that predominates in the work and analyze how it enhances the works meaning. In Mary Shelleys award winning novel, Frankenstein, numerous topics were infused within the storyline in order to convey the message of one of mankinds most persistent and destructive flaws: prejudice. Within the text, Shelley used topics that ranged from sublime nature to excruciating monstrosity in order to portray this message. However, the subject that illuminated the true meaning of prejudice was that of the religion found in Frankenstein. Without the incorporation of the biblical references and comparisons to religion found within the novel, the harm that resulted from the actions and judgements of people from within the storyline would not have been as clear as they were with these allusions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Story about Frankenstein" essay for you Create order Furthermore, religion functioned as the founding platform of the novel. Numerous topics were combined through the religious perspective that gave birth to the monster, the hatred, and the suffering within the text. It allowed the story line to connect with the beliefs of the past in order to portray the beliefs of her present and ultimately represent its impact on our future. All in pursuit of exposing the prejudice that lived and still lives within humanity. Nevertheless, Shelley indulged herself in this route in response to the Christian theology that surrounded her. Resulting in the vast number of similarities found between her narrative and the bible itself. Consequently, leading to that brief resemblance between her beliefs and the novel overall. Culminating in a miniscule portion of Shelleys convictions, and ultimately her life, being incorporated into the volume so that she may further develop her message to the world from her own point of view. In order to use her religion to shed light on the prejudice she was trying to unveil. Consequently, the influence of the religion was put into the novel through biblical references that ranged from the testaments of the bible to the infamous poem of Paradise Lost. It was brought into the story line by implying similarities between numerous characters. For example, the monster represented Adam after he was created, and Victor represented God during the creation. In addition, the monster also represented the adversary of the novel, he compared himself to Satan and conclusively realized he was the archfiend of his generation. Hence, the creature ultimately became the Lucifer of the story and stated that, Many times I considered Satan as the fitter emblem of my condition. Therefore, in further comparison to the Bible and the poem of Paradise Lost, God had originally created Satan to be good, but the the angel soon fell from the grace of his creator, and became terribly evil. Similarly to how the monster was created to be a better version of humanity, but was instead ironically rejected by humanity and his own creator from the desirable security he longed for. Both of these characters endured hardship across chaos, and both were doomed for eternity. However, even after these crucial factors, the allusions towards biblical references in the story can make it appear that the monster is more benevolent than Frankenstein, which creates a sense of fear within humanity itself , because humanity is made to consider that society is less moral than it seems. Which adds onto the purpose of these comparisons and realizations : to expose the harm and injury that results those who are altruistic and/or commit foolish actions, in order to prevent further judgements in the world. (134) Therefore, this impactful influence was used to level up the message dramatically and allow the comparisons to be seen through the same lens via countless eyes. Consequently, just as the poem brought far deeper emotions to the monster, the novel itself brought deeper understanding to its readers. For instance, once the creature had merged with his newly found knowledge, he attempted to justify himself by defining a logical relationship with his creator. Mostly through saying that, I am thy creature, and I will be even mild and docile to my natural lord and king if thou wilt also perform thy part, the which thou owest me. Which further develops the idea that the monster was profoundly influenced by these biblical stories, resulting in his own portrayal of these scenarios in order to justify his situation. Similarly to how the overall novel has influenced a vast number of individuals to stop the judgment and start the adjustment of society. (127) Thus, with this in mind, everything led to the same question. Why did Shelley generate this religious monster, this detached Christian whose faith couldnbring no hope? The answer is fairly simple. In conclusion, she wanted to expose the truth behind individuals who displayed one version of themselves to society but concealed the true version of themselves to the world. Similarly to how Frankenstein hid himself from the DeLacys, and attempted to be someone else in order to receive affection rather than atrocious misconceptions. Alike Victor that hid his creation from the people, in order to prevent agonizing judgement. Which emphasized on Shelleys need to manipulate a Christian in order to demonstrate to her readers how people tend to label themselves and/or others as something they arent due to their need to judge and/or not be judged. Simply because they have been prejudiced against by others and that harm has led them to conceal themselves with false labels. Which is why Shelley used religion to expose this truth, in order to prevent further cases like these from taking control of humanity. Furthermore, it is evident that Mary Shelleys novel is an allegory for the story of creation, or in other words, the Genesis of humanity. Shelley linked religion strongly to transgressing boundaries in order to allow all of us to remember the creatures that may dwell within us and that they are thy creature;Whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed. Due to the fact that humanity involves the capacity to drive themselves to be good or bad, there will simply always be a mixture of terror and beauty within us.Though, we should never allow prejudice to conceal who we are or dethrone those who shall be, because one just has to let that natured fire within us warm us, but not burn us. Sources : Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, 1797-1851. Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus : the 1818 Text. Oxford ; New York :Oxford University Press, 1998. Print.

Classicalism vs. Positivism - 1546 Words

Classicalism vs. Positivism What is crime? What makes people commit crimes and how can we stop it? These, and many other questions similar to these, are asked by criminologists everyday. Criminology is an ever growing field, mainly because there is more and more research occurring and new theories linking people and crime coming out everyday. Below the main field of criminology there are many subfields that have different theories and philosophies on what they believe link criminal behavior. Two of the main criminology perspectives are Classical Criminology and Positivist Criminology. Although these two are both studied in the criminology field, their views are distinctly contradictory from each other. These two theories and many†¦show more content†¦Yet another criticism is their belief in deterrence. Research has shown that there is little correlation between punishment and crime, meaning that there is not a significant amount of information showing that deterrence actually works leading it into a controversial issue. People commit crimes for many different reasons that classicalists fail to acknowledge. Classical criminology was the first big step into what makes up the field of criminology today, dominating around the eighteenth century. A change in the way information was assembled with the emergence of the scientific method challenged the classical perspective and introduced the theory of Positivism. Positivist criminology emerged in the nineteenth century after people stopped relying on pure thought and reason and started to observe and analyze to understand the way things worked. â€Å"Positive philosophy was an explicit repudiation or reaction to the critical and ‘negative’ philosophy of the Enlightenment [Classicalist] thinkers† (Bohm 21). Positivism has two main elements: One â€Å"is the belief that human behavior is a function of forces beyond a person’s control [and] the second aspect of positivism is embracing the scientific method to solve problems† (Siegel 7-8). . Positivism is known for the use of science and the scientific method in their research. Positivists such as Lombroso, whom is considered the father of criminology, set the stage for examination of external forces

Electrical Power Engineering

Questions: 1.Why power transmission lines are three-phases rather than 1, 2, or 5?2.What are the important parameters for designing cables? What are the standard tests used in the cable companies?3.Explain what the skin effect is and how we can reduce it? 4.Explain the mutual coupling and explain why in artificial transmission line experiments for no-load test the receiving end voltage in single- phase configuration had lower voltage than the sending end voltage? 5.What is surge impedance and how surge impedance loading (SIL) is utilized for efficient power transfer? Answers: 1. The generation of power in three phases and its delivery is very much efficient when compared to two phase which as result much more efficient then the phase1. Likewise as the number of phases increases it will result in increased of efficiency as well. This is the reason when 3 phase compared with 4 Phase, 4 Phase is more efficient but in comparison with 5 phase, 4 phase is less efficient and so on. The delivery of power with 3 phase is around 150 percent much more in comparison to single phase (Grigsby, 2012). So three phase is the correct choice because reaching the higher efficiency then increased as it is, do not rationalize the complexity that is increased by using extra phases. Three phases is usually used because it can generate the rotating magnetic field easily which is simply carried out by spatial arrangement of the coils which is energized in contact with each phase. 2. The important parameters that are considered while designing cables are as follows: Cables require transition joints which consist of different insulationLevel of voltage has to be considered a sit is required by insulationElectrical stress control varies with the various level of voltagesNumber of phases also differs as the 3 phase and 1 phase consists on various number of cores. Hence cable design differs (McDonald et al., 2012).The interface dielectric strength is differed by interface pressure and surface smoothnessBy applying high pressure and the exact smoothness the interface dielectric strength can be achieved in a better wayMaterial should be chosen in such a way that it is easy for installation along with reliability and safetyManufacturing of joint and its installation should be cost effectiveCable ampacity is affected by the thermal performanceControl measure on the electrical stress has to be maintainedThe cable should be environmentally friendlyMechanical strength for cables should be quite supportive to prevent damageThe following are some standard te sts used in cable companies as follows:DC voltage withstand with dielectricVLF voltage withstand with dielectricFrequency of powerInsulation resistance of DCPower factor testDischarge of offline partial test 3. The skin effect occurring in transmission lines can be described as the phenomenon arising because of the distribution of current unequally in the conductor over the whole cross section which is being used for the power transmission of long distance. By making some modifications in the line calculations, it can be reduced. For reducing this skin effect the conductor should be made of Cu and hollowness should be of 80 Hz (McDonald, 2012). Though it is completely not possible to reduce the skin effect but the specially made and insulated conductors that are woven in various patterns can be used as a special application (Okress, 2013). 4. Mutual coupling can be described as the phenomenon where the energy that is absorbed by one of the receiver of the antenna when the other antenna nearby is in operating mode. Mutual coupling is considered objectionable because the energy which is supposed to be radiated is being absorbed by the other antenna (Okress, 2013). Ferranti effect is noticed to occur when the distributed capacitance of the line itself is drawing the current which is considered to be more when compared with the current that is associated with the receiving end of the line load (Grigsby, 2012). The charging current of capacitor is leading to the drop of voltage along the transmission system of the inductor line when it is in the sending end voltages phase. The drop in voltage is kept on increasing till the time it moves to the load end of the line. Hence the voltage at receiving end is larger than the voltage that the applied one. 5. The transmission line surge impedance can be defined as the ration of the voltage amplitudes and the current propagating from a single wave which is along the line. It is explained as the wave that is travelling in one of the direction while the reflections are absent in the other direction (McDonald, 2012). It is considered to be the natural power of the transmission line. For the efficient transfer of the power using the surge impedance load the value of the receiving end voltage should be increased so the power that is transmitted along the long transmission line can also be increased. By using many transmission lines simultaneously it can even be increased. But it is expensive. So for increasing the SIL, Vr is always increased or the Zc is always decreased. References Grigsby, L.L. ed., 2012.Power system stability and control(Vol. 5). CRC press. McDonald, J.R., McArthur, S., Burt, G. and Zielinski, J. eds., 2012.Intelligent knowledge based systems in electrical power engineering. Springer Science Business Media. McDonald, J.D. ed., 2012.Electric power substations engineering. CRC press. Okress, E.C. ed., 2013.Microwave power engineering: Applications. Academic Press.

Main Street Blues The Decline of Small Town America free essay sample

A critique of the sociological work by Richard O Davies, entitled Main Street Blues: The Decline of Small Town America. The author evaluates the work by Richard O Davies that traces the decline of small town America. He looks first at the books shortcomings and then looks at the positive contributions to scholarship on sociology of American small town life made by O Davies work. Conclusions about the books worth are made at the end of the paper. Richard O Davies book on Main Street Blues: The Decline Of Small Town America is both narrow and sweeping in its scope. It is narrow in the sense that to validate its central thesis, that close-knit small town communities in America have become a thing of the past, it chooses to mainly focus upon life within one particular community. Rather than to attempt to do a sociologic study of a large number of communities, Davies centers his focus upon the particular, rather than upon the general. We will write a custom essay sample on Main Street Blues: The Decline of Small Town America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He does introduce as a way of a counter to his case study of Camden, Ohio, several other communities that he believes are exceptional to the central thesis of his work. However, the main focus of his book is always on a single town, that of the authors original hometown of Camden.

Indian Castes and Feudal Japanese Classes (Comparison)

Indian Castes and Feudal Japanese Classes (Comparison) Although they arose from very different sources, the Indian caste system and the feudal Japanese class system have many features in common. Yet the two social systems are dissimilar in important ways, as well. Are they more alike, or more different? The Essentials Both the Indian caste system and the Japanese feudal class system have four main categories of people, with others falling below the system entirely. In the Indian system, the four primary castes are: Brahmins:  Hindu priestsKshatriyas:  the kings and warriorsVaisyas:  farmers, traders, and skilled artisans  Shudras  tenant farmers and servants. Below the caste system there were the untouchables, who were considered so impure that they could contaminate people from the four castes just by touching them or even being too close to them. They did unclean jobs such as scavenging animal carcasses, tanning leather, etc. The untouchables are also known as dalits or harijans. Under the feudal Japanese system, the four classes are: Samurai, the warriors​FarmersArtisansMerchants. As with Indias untouchables, some Japanese people fell below the four-tier system. These were the burakumin and hinin. The burakumin served essentially the same purpose as untouchables in India; they did butchering, leather tanning, and other unclean jobs, but also prepared human burials. The hinin were actors, wandering musicians, and convicted criminals. Origins of the Two Systems Indias caste system arose out of the Hindu belief in reincarnation. A souls behavior in its previous life determined the status it would have in its next life. Castes were hereditary and fairly inflexible; the only way to escape a low caste was to be very virtuous in this life, and hope to be reborn in a higher station the next time. Japans four-tier social system came out of Confucian philosophy, rather than religion. According to Confucian principles, everyone in a well-ordered society knew their place  and paid respect to those stationed above them. Men were higher than women; elders were higher than young people. Farmers ranked just after the ruling samurai class  because they produced the food that everyone else depended upon. Thus, though the two systems seem quite similar, the beliefs from which they arose were rather different. Differences between Indian Castes and Japanese Classes In the feudal Japanese social system, the shogun and the imperial family were above the class system. Nobody was above the Indian caste system, though. In fact, kings and warriors were lumped together in the second caste - the Kshatriyas. Indias four castes were actually sub-divided into literally thousands of sub-castes, each with a very specific job description. The Japanese classes were not divided in this way, perhaps because Japans population was smaller and much less ethnically and religiously diverse. In Japans class system, Buddhist monks and nuns were outside of the social structure. They were not considered lowly or unclean, just detached from the social ladder. In the Indian caste system, in contrast, the Hindu priestly class were the highest caste - the Brahmins. According to Confucius, farmers were far more important than merchants, because they produced food for everyone in society. Merchants, on the other hand, did not make anything - they simply profited off of trade in other peoples products. Thus, farmers were in the second tier of Japans four-tier system, while merchants were at the bottom. In the Indian caste system, however, merchants and land-holding farmers were lumped together in the Vaisya caste, which was the third of the four varnas or primary castes. Similarities between the Two Systems In both the Japanese and Indian social structures, the warriors and rulers were one and the same. Obviously, both systems had four primary categories of people, and these categories determined the sort of work that people did. Both the Indian caste system and Japanese feudal social structure had unclean people who were below the lowest rung on the social ladder. In both cases, though their descendants have much brighter prospects today, there continues to be discrimination against people who are perceived as belonging to these outcast groups. Japanese samurai and Indian Brahmins were both considered to be well above the next group down. In other words, the space between the first and second rungs on the social ladder was much wider than that between the second and third rungs. Finally, both the Indian caste system and Japans four-tiered social structure served the same purpose: they imposed order and controlled the social interactions among people in two complex societies. The Two Social Systems Tier Japan India Above the System Emperor, Shogun Nobody 1 Samurai Warriors Brahmin Priests 2 Farmers Kings, Warriors 3 Artisans Merchants, Farmers, Artisans 4 Merchants Servants, Tenant Farmers Below the System Burakumin, Hinin Untouchables

Responsibility of International Organisations , Outline

Responsibility of International Organisations , - Outline Example f it is possible for the organization to claim reparations for harms to its interests, harm inflicted by the UN on other parties is also liable for claims, particularly in activities that are well established like peacekeeping operations. This involves the conduct of UN administrators and peacekeepers. However, the limitations, scope, and practical applications of international responsibility principles are as of yet to be determined, especially in such areas as accountability mechanisms for non-judicial and judicial establishment2, as well as the responsibility for other projects in areas like science, education, or culture. The UN Security Council is given primary responsibility by the UN Charter to maintain international security and peace and, in fulfilling their responsibility; the UN Security Council can constitute a peacekeeping mission3. The UN Charter is the foundation for all work undertaken by the UN. Although not stated explicitly in the Charter, peacekeeping has ended up as one of the main instruments of the UN in maintaining international security and peace. The UN Security Council may adopt several measures to fulfill this responsibility. Chapter VI of the Charter involves the pacific settlement of disputes and most peacekeeping operations are associated with this chapter, although it has never been invoked. Chapter VII entails actions in terms of; respect to peace, peace breaches, and aggressive acts, which has been invoked to authorize peacekeeper deployment in post-conflict situations where states are unable to maintain public order and security4. Finally, Chapter VIII provides regional agencies and arrangements to maintain international security and peace as long as they are consistent with Chapter 1 of the Charter. Depending on the challenges that various conflicts bring, peacekeepers are normally mandated to act as catalysts in several activities. These are mine action, disarmament and reintegration of combatants, human rights promotion and

Obeservation of Users Experience of Samsung Galaxy Phones Essay

Obeservation of Users Experience of Samsung Galaxy Phones - Essay Example An important series feature of this series is that it has android operating system with high speed processors up to GHZ speed. Besides, it supports 3G. Galaxy series phone models are available in both LED and LCD displays. The nine smart phone models which include in the Samsung Galaxy series is (a) Samsung Galaxy 5i5503 (b) Samsung Galaxy Prop (c) Samsung Galaxy 55115510 (d) Samsung Galaxy Fit S5670 (e) Samsung Galaxy Pro B7510 (f) Samsung Galaxy 315801 (g) Samsung Galaxy Ace S5830 (h) Samsung Galaxy S19000 (i) and Samsung Galaxy S II. Samsung Galaxy S II is the latest model. Praises for this phone includes statements like: â€Å"Few words for this handset â€Å"Simply the best Smart phone,† yes it is a best Android Powered smart phone with furious and blazing features. It is the successor of Galaxy S, with some improvements† (9 Smartphones in Samsung Galaxy Series [Review & Prices], 2011). The price of this series comes in the range of 165 to 619.98.The latest version Galaxy has online readers functions. The security functions of the Galaxy are much developed, including device encryption in the latest Galaxy series. It also has a feature of Cisco Web EX with the help of this technology a secure online meeting can be done. Dual Core Application Processor: The equipment has high speed capabilities to support multitasking. It also enables high speed web page loading and other features like image editing high speed gaming etc. With these capabilities it facilitates high performance and has a very slim design which makes it very handy for use. It is about 8.49mm and easy to grip. It has a look with its battery cover. A huge gallery of song and music can be stored in this, including online searching, discovering, and downloading track with ease. There are also many applications available on Samsung store for better performance software which we can download and installed without any difficulty. The music system is bass enhanced and gives good quality even at highest volume of sound. Samsung mobile can transfer data by using Microsoft exchange server which keeps the user up to date with contacts, events and so on. Another improvement is the concern about security and its management. Samsung and Sybase work together for managing and securing the android devices. â€Å"This partnership provides the comprehensive capabilities that it requires to allow mobile workers access to enterprise assets using the Samsung GALAXY S II. It can now confidently extend corporate security policies to the Samsung Android platform, allowing for the adoption of both personally owned and corporate owned GALAXY S II’s† (Simply the Best Smartphone!, 1995). â€Å"Making the impossible possible. Samsung Dual Core Application Processor is the ultra responsive answer to mobile performance, providing high-speed multitasking, quick web page loading, quick reaction speeds, a smoother UI, lightning fast image editing and high performance gaming. An d with its screaming fast encoding/decoding ability, which supports all (1080p/30fps) video playing and shooting, outshines the other dual core processors. Seamless video or music streaming gets a big boost with the super fast wireless standard HSPA 21Mbps. outstanding computing power, outstanding performance† (Samsung Galaxy S Review, 2006, p. 1). Thoughts, Feelings and Process: The

Western philosophy Essay Example for Free

Western philosophy Essay Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [1][2] Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. [3] In more casual speech, by extension, philosophy can refer to the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or group. [4] The word philosophy comes from the Ancient Greek (philosophia), which literally means love of wisdom. [5][6][7] The introduction of the terms philosopher and philosophy has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras. [8] Contents [hide] 1 Areas of inquiry 1. 1 Epistemology 1. 2 Logic 1. 3 Metaphysics 1. 4 Moral and political philosophy 1. 5 Aesthetics 1. 6 Specialized branches 2 History 2. 1 Ancient philosophy 2. 1. 1 Egypt and Babylon 2. 1. 2 Ancient Chinese 2. 1. 3 Ancient Graeco-Roman 2. 1. 4 Ancient Indian 2. 1. 5 Ancient Persian 2. 2 5th–16th centuries 2. 2. 1 Europe 2. 2. 1. 1 Medieval 2. 2. 1. 2 Renaissance 2. 2. 2 East Asia 2. 2. 3 India 2. 2. 4 Middle East 2. 3 17th–20th centuries 2. 3. 1 Early modern philosophy 2. 3. 2 19th-century philosophy 2. 3. 3 20th-century philosophy 3 Major traditions 3. 1 German idealism 3. 2 Pragmatism 3. 3 Phenomenology 3. 4 Existentialism 3. 5 Structuralism and post-structuralism 3. 6 The analytic tradition 4 Applied philosophy 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 7. 1 Introductions 7. 2 Topical introductions 7. 3 Anthologies 7. 4 Reference works 8 External links Areas of inquiry Philosophy is divided into many sub-fields. These include epistemology, logic, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics. [9][10] Some of the major areas of study are considered individually below. Epistemology Main article: Epistemology Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge,[11] such as the relationships between truth, belief, and theories of justification. Skepticism is the position which questions the possibility of completely justifying any truth. The regress argument, a fundamental problem in epistemology, occurs when, in order to completely prove any statement P, its justification itself needs to be supported by another justification. This chain can do three possible options, all of which are unsatisfactory according to the Munchhausen trilemma. One option is infinitism, where this chain of justification can go on forever. Another option is foundationalism, where the chain of justifications eventually relies on basic beliefs or axioms that are left unproven. The last option, such as in coherentism, is making the chain circular so that a statement is included in its own chain of justification. Rationalism is the emphasis on reasoning as a source of knowledge. Empiricism is the emphasis on observational evidence via sensory experience over other evidence as the source of knowledge. Rationalism claims that every possible object of knowledge can be deduced from coherent premises without observation. Empiricism claims that at least some knowledge is only a matter of observation. For this, Empiricism often cites the concept of tabula rasa, where individuals are not born with mental content and that knowledge builds from experience or perception. Epistemological solipsism is the idea that the existence of the world outside the mind is an unresolvable question. Parmenides (fl. 500 BC) argued that it is impossible to doubt that thinking actually occurs. But thinking must have an object, therefore something beyond thinking really exists. Parmenides deduced that what really exists must have certain properties—for example, that it cannot come into existence or cease to exist, that it is a coherent whole, that it remains the same eternally (in fact, exists altogether outside time). This is known as the third man argument. Plato (427–347 BC) combined rationalism with a form of realism. The philosophers work is to consider being, and the essence (ousia) of things. But the characteristic of essences is that they are universal. The nature of a man, a triangle, a tree, applies to all men, all triangles, all trees. Plato argued that these essences are mind-independent forms, that humans (but particularly philosophers) can come to know by reason, and by ignoring the distractions of sense-perception. Modern rationalism begins with Descartes. Reflection on the nature of perceptual experience, as well as scientific discoveries in physiology and optics, led Descartes (and also Locke) to the view that we are directly aware of ideas, rather than objects. This view gave rise to three questions: Is an idea a true copy of the real thing that it represents? Sensation is not a direct interaction between bodily objects and our sense, but is a physiological process involving representation (for example, an image on the retina). Locke thought that a secondary quality such as a sensation of green could in no way resemble the arrangement of particles in matter that go to produce this sensation, although he thought that primary qualities such as shape, size, number, were really in objects. How can physical objects such as chairs and tables, or even physiological processes in the brain, give rise to mental items such as ideas? This is part of what became known as the mind-body problem. If all the contents of awareness are ideas, how can we know that anything exists apart from ideas? Descartes tried to address the last problem by reason. He began, echoing Parmenides, with a principle that he thought could not coherently be denied: I think, therefore I am (often given in his original Latin: Cogito ergo sum). From this principle, Descartes went on to construct a complete system of knowledge (which involves proving the existence of God, using, among other means, a version of the ontological argument). [12] His view that reason alone could yield substantial truths about reality strongly influenced those philosophers usually considered modern rationalists (such as Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, and Christian Wolff), while provoking criticism from other philosophers who have retrospectively come to be grouped together as empiricists. Logic Main article: Logic Logic is the study of the principles of correct reasoning. Arguments use either deductive reasoning or inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is when, given certain statements (called premises), other statements (called conclusions) are unavoidably implied. Rules of inferences from premises include the most popular method, modus ponens, where given â€Å"A† and â€Å"If A then B†, then â€Å"B† must be concluded. A common convention for a deductive argument is the syllogism. An argument is termed valid if its conclusion does indeed follow from its premises, whether the premises are true or not, while an argument is sound if its conclusion follows from premises that are true. Propositional logic uses premises that are propositions, which are declarations that are either true or false, while predicate logic uses more complex premises called formulae that contain variables. These can be assigned values or can be quantified as to when they apply with the universal quantifier (always apply) or the existential quantifier (applies at least once). Inductive reasoning makes conclusions or generalizations based on probabilistic reasoning. For example, if â€Å"90% of humans are right-handed† and â€Å"Joe is human† then â€Å"Joe is probably right-handed†. Fields in logic include mathematical logic (formal symbolic logic) and philosophical logic. Metaphysics Main article: Metaphysics. Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality, such as existence, time, the relationship between mind and body, objects and their properties, wholes and their parts, events, processes, and causation. Traditional branches of metaphysics include cosmology, the study of the world in its entirety, and ontology, the study of being. Within metaphysics itself there are a wide range of differing philosophical theories. Idealism, for example, is the belief that reality is mentally constructed or otherwise immaterial while realism holds that reality, or at least some part of it, exists independently of the mind. Subjective idealism describes objects as no more than collections or bundles of sense data in the perceiver. The 18th century philosopher George Berkeley contended that existence is fundamentally tied to perception with the phrase Esse est aut percipi aut percipere or To be is to be perceived or to perceive. [13] In addition to the aforementioned views, however, there is also an ontological dichotomy within metaphysics between the concepts of particulars and universals as well. Particulars are those objects that are said to exist in space and time, as opposed to abstract objects, such as numbers. Universals are properties held by multiple particulars, such as redness or a gender. The type of existence, if any, of universals and abstract objects is an issue of serious debate within metaphysical philosophy. Realism is the philosophical position that universals do in fact exist, while nominalism is the negation, or denial of universals, abstract objects, or both. [14] Conceptualism holds that universals exist, but only within the minds perception. [15] The question of whether or not existence is a predicate has been discussed since the Early Modern period. Essence is the set of attributes that make an object what it fundamentally is and without which it loses its identity. Essence is contrasted with accident: a property that the substance has contingently, without which the substance can still retain its identity. Moral and political philosophy Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned primarily with the question of the best way to live, and secondarily, concerning the question of whether this question can be answered. The main branches of ethics are meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. Meta-ethics concerns the nature of ethical thought, such as the origins of the words good and bad, and origins of other comparative words of various ethical systems, whether there are absolute ethical truths, and how such truths could be known. Normative ethics are more concerned with the questions of how one ought to act, and what the right course of action is. This is where most ethical theories are generated. Lastly, applied ethics go beyond theory and step into real world ethical practice, such as questions of whether or not abortion is correct. Ethics is also associated with the idea of morality, and the two are often interchangeable. One debate that has commanded the attention of ethicists in the modern era has been between consequentialism (actions are to be morally evaluated solely by their consequences) and deontology (actions are to be morally evaluated solely by consideration of agents duties, the rights of those whom the action concerns, or both). Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill are famous for propagating utilitarianism, which is the idea that the fundamental moral rule is to strive toward the greatest happiness for the greatest number. However, in promoting this idea they also necessarily promoted the broader doctrine of consequentialism. Adopting a position opposed to consequentialism, Immanuel Kant argued that moral principles were simply products of reason. Kant believed that the incorporation of consequences into moral deliberation was a deep mistake, since it denies the necessity of practical maxims in governing the working of the will. According to Kant, reason requires that we conform our actions to the categorical imperative, which is an absolute duty. An important 20th-century deontologist, W. D. Ross, argued for weaker forms of duties called prima facie duties. More recent works have emphasized the role of character in ethics, a movement known as the aretaic turn (that is, the turn towards virtues). One strain of this movement followed the work of Bernard Williams. Williams noted that rigid forms of consequentialism and deontology demanded that people behave impartially. This, Williams argued, requires that people abandon their personal projects, and hence their personal integrity, in order to be considered moral. G. E. M. Anscombe, in an influential paper, Modern Moral Philosophy (1958), revived virtue ethics as an alternative to what was seen as the entrenched positions of Kantianism and consequentialism. Aretaic perspectives have been inspired in part by research of ancient conceptions of virtue. For example, Aristotles ethics demands that people follow the Aristotelian mean, or balance between two vices; and Confucian ethics argues that virtue consists largely in striving for harmony with other people. Virtue ethics in general has since gained many adherents, and has been defended by such philosophers as Philippa Foot, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Rosalind Hursthouse. Political philosophy is the study of government and the relationship of individuals (or families and clans) to communities including the state. It includes questions about justice, law, property, and the rights and obligations of the citizen. Politics and ethics are traditionally inter-linked subjects, as both discuss the question of what is good and how people should live. From ancient times, and well beyond them, the roots of justification for political authority were inescapably tied to outlooks on human nature. In The Republic, Plato presented the argument that the ideal society would be run by a council of philosopher-kings, since those best at philosophy are best able to realize the good. Even Plato, however, required philosophers to make their way in the world for many years before beginning their rule at the age of fifty. For Aristotle, humans are political animals (i. e. social animals), and governments are set up to pursue good for the community. Aristotle reasoned that, since the state (polis) was the highest form of community, it has the purpose of pursuing the highest good. Aristotle viewed political power as the result of natural inequalities in skill and virtue. Because of these differences, he favored an aristocracy of the able and virtuous. For Aristotle, the person cannot be complete unless he or she lives in a community. His The Nicomachean Ethics and The Politics are meant to be read in that order. The first book addresses virtues (or excellences) in the person as a citizen; the second addresses the proper form of government to ensure that citizens will be virtuous, and therefore complete. Both books deal with the essential role of justice in civic life. Nicolas of Cusa rekindled Platonic thought in the early 15th century. He promoted democracy in Medieval Europe, both in his writings and in his organization of the Council of Florence. Unlike Aristotle and the Hobbesian tradition to follow, Cusa saw human beings as equal and divine (that is, made in Gods image), so democracy would be the only just form of government. Cusas views are credited by some as sparking the Italian Renaissance, which gave rise to the notion of Nation-States. Later, Niccolo Machiavelli rejected the views of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas as unrealistic. The ideal sovereign is not the embodiment of the moral virtues; rather the sovereign does whatever is successful and necessary, rather than what is morally praiseworthy. Thomas Hobbes also contested many elements of Aristotles views. For Hobbes, human nature is essentially anti-social: people are essentially egoistic, and this egoism makes life difficult in the natural state of things. Moreover, Hobbes argued, though people may have natural inequalities, these are trivial, since no particular talents or virtues that people may have will make them safe from harm inflicted by others. For these reasons, Hobbes concluded that the state arises from a common agreement to raise the community out of the state of nature. This can only be done by the establishment of a sovereign, in which (or whom) is vested complete control over the community, and is able to inspire awe and terror in its subjects. [16] Many in the Enlightenment were unsatisfied with existing doctrines in political philosophy, which seemed to marginalize or neglect the possibility of a democratic state. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was among those who attempted to overturn these doctrines: he responded to Hobbes by claiming that a human is by nature a kind of noble savage, and that society and social contracts corrupt this nature. Another critic was John Locke. In Second Treatise on Government he agreed with Hobbes that the nation-state was an efficient tool for raising humanity out of a deplorable state, but he argued that the sovereign might become an abominable institution compared to the relatively benign unmodulated state of nature. [17] Following the doctrine of the fact-value distinction, due in part to the influence of David Hume and his student Adam Smith, appeals to human nature for political justification were weakened. Nevertheless, many political philosophers, especially moral realists, still make use of some essential human nature as a basis for their arguments. Marxism is derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Their idea that capitalism is based on exploitation of workers and causes alienation of people from their human nature, the historical materialism, their view of social classes, etc. , have influenced many fields of study, such as sociology, economics, and politics. Marxism inspired the Marxist school of communism, which brought a huge impact on the history of the 20th century. Aesthetics Main article: Aesthetics Aesthetics deals with beauty, art, enjoyment, sensory-emotional values, perception, and matters of taste and sentiment. Specialized branches. Philosophy of language explores the nature, the origins, and the use of language. Philosophy of law (often called jurisprudence) explores the varying theories explaining the nature and the interpretations of the law in society. Philosophy of mind explores the nature of the mind, and its relationship to the body, and is typified by disputes between dualism and materialism. In recent years there has been increasing similarity between this branch of philosophy and cognitive science. Philosophy of religion Philosophy of science Metaphilosophy Many academic disciplines have also generated philosophical inquiry. These include history, logic, and mathematics. History Main article: History of philosophy See also: Western philosophy, Eastern philosophy, and History of Western philosophy Further information: Philosophical progress Many societies have considered philosophical questions and built philosophical traditions based upon each others works. Eastern philosophy is organized by the chronological periods of each region. Historians of western philosophy usually divide the subject into three or more periods, the most important being ancient philosophy, medieval philosophy, and modern philosophy. [18] Ancient philosophy Main article: Ancient philosophy Egypt and Babylon Further information: Babylonian literature: Philosophy and Ancient Egyptian philosophy Main article: African philosophy There are authors who date the philosophical maxims of Ptahhotep before the 25th century. For instance, Pulitzer Prize winning historian Will Durant dates these writings as early as 2880 BCE within The Story of Civilization: Our Oriental History. Durant claims that Ptahhotep could be considered the very first philosopher in virtue of having the earliest and surviving fragments of moral philosophy (i. e., The Maxims of Ptah-Hotep). [19][20] Ptahhoteps grandson, Ptahhotep Tshefi, is traditionally credited with being the author of the collection of wise sayings known as The Maxims of Ptahhotep,[21] whose opening lines attribute authorship to the vizier Ptahhotep: Instruction of the Mayor of the city, the Vizier Ptahhotep, under the Majesty of King Isesi. The origins of Babylonian philosophy can be traced back to the wisdom of early Mesopotamia, which embodied certain philosophies of life, particularly ethics, in the forms of dialectic, dialogues, epic poetry, folklore, hymns, lyrics, prose, and proverbs. The reasoning and rationality of the Babylonians developed beyond empirical observation. [22] The Babylonian text Dialog of Pessimism contains similarities to the agnostic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialogues of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic Socratic method of Socrates and Plato. [23] The Milesian philosopher Thales is also traditionally said to have studied philosophy in Mesopotamia. Ancient Chinese Philosophy has had a tremendous effect on Chinese civilization, and throughout East Asia. The majority of Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States era, during a period known as the Hundred Schools of Thought,[24] which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments. [24] It was during this era that the major philosophies of China, Confucianism, Mohism, Legalism, and Taoism, arose, along with philosophies that later fell into obscurity, like Agriculturalism, Chinese Naturalism, and the Logicians. Of the many philosophical schools of China, only Confucianism and Taoism existed after the Qin Dynasty suppressed any Chinese philosophy that was opposed to Legalism. Confucianism is humanistic,[25] philosophy that believes that human beings are teachable, improvable and perfectible through personal and communal endeavour especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucianism focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics, the most basic of which are ren, yi, and li. [26] Ren is an obligation of altruism and humaneness for other individuals within a community, yi is the upholding of righteousness and the moral disposition to do good, and li is a system of norms and propriety that determines how a person should properly act within a community. [26] Taoism focuses on establishing harmony with the Tao, which is origin of and the totality of everything that exists. The word Tao (or Dao, depending on the romanization scheme) is usually translated as way, path or principle. Taoist propriety and ethics emphasize the Three Jewels of the Tao: compassion, moderation, and humility, while Taoist thought generally focuses on nature, the relationship between humanity and the cosmos ( ); health and longevity; and wu wei, action through inaction. Harmony with the Universe, or the origin of it through the Tao, is the intended result of many Taoist rules and practices. Ancient Graeco-Roman Ancient Graeco-Roman philosophy is a period of Western philosophy, starting in the 6th century [c. 585] BC to the 6th century AD. It is usually divided into three periods: the pre-Socratic period, the period of Plato and Aristotle, and the post-Aristotelian (or Hellenistic) period. A fourth period that is sometimes added includes the Neoplatonic and Christian philosophers of Late Antiquity. The most important of the ancient philosophers (in terms of subsequent influence) are Plato and Aristotle. [27] Plato specifically, is credited as the founder of Western philosophy. The philosopher Alfred North Whitehead said of Plato: The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato. I do not mean the systematic scheme of thought which scholars have doubtfully extracted from his writings. I allude to the wealth of general ideas scattered through them. [28] The main subjects of ancient philosophy are: understanding the fundamental causes and principles of the universe; explaining it in an economical way; the epistemological problem of reconciling the diversity and change of the natural universe, with the possibility of obtaining fixed and certain knowledge about it; questions about things that cannot be perceived by the senses, such as numbers, elements, universals, and gods. Socrates is said to have been the initiator of more focused study upon the human things including the analysis of patterns of reasoning and argument and the nature of the good life and the importance of understanding and knowledge in order to pursue it; the explication of the concept of justice, and its relation to various political systems. [27] In this period the crucial features of the Western philosophical method were established: a critical approach to received or established views, and the appeal to reason and argumentation. This includes Socrates dialectic method of inquiry, known as the Socratic method or method of elenchus, which he largely applied to the examination of key moral concepts such as the Good and Justice. To solve a problem, it would be broken down into a series of questions, the answers to which gradually distill the answer a person would seek. The influence of this approach is most strongly felt today in the use of the scientific method, in which hypothesis is the first stage. Ancient Indian Main article: Indian philosophy. Further information: Hindu philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, Jain philosophy, and Upanishads The term Indian philosophy (Sanskrit: Darshanas), refers to any of several schools of philosophical thought that originated in the Indian subcontinent, including Hindu philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, and Jain philosophy. Having the same or rather intertwined origins, all of these philosophies have a common underlying themes of Dharma and Karma, and similarly attempt to explain the attainment of emancipation. They have been formalized and promulgated chiefly between 1000 BC to a few centuries AD. Indias philosophical tradition dates back to the composition of the Upanisads[29] in the later Vedic period (c. 1000-500 BCE). Subsequent schools (Skt: Darshanas) of Indian philosophy were identified as orthodox (Skt: astika) or non-orthodox (Skt: nastika) depending on whether they regarded the Vedas as an infallible source of knowledge. [30] By some classifications, there are six schools of orthodox Hindu philosophy and three heterodox schools. The orthodox are Nyaya, Vaisesika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva mimamsa and Vedanta. The Heterodox are Jain, Buddhist and materialist (Carvaka). Other classifications also include Pashupata, Saiva, Rasesvara and Pa? ini Darsana with the other orthodox schools. [31] Competition and integration between the various schools was intense during their formative years, especially between 500 BC to 200 AD. Some like the Jain, Buddhist, Shaiva and Vedanta schools survived, while others like Samkhya and Ajivika did not, either being assimilated or going extinct. The Sanskrit term for philosopher is darsanika, one who is familiar with the systems of philosophy, or darsanas. [32] In the history of the Indian subcontinent, following the establishment of a Vedic culture, the development of philosophical and religious thought over a period of two millennia gave rise to what came to be called the six schools of astika, or orthodox, Indian or Hindu philosophy. These schools have come to be synonymous with the greater religion of Hinduism, which was a development of the early Vedic religion. Ancient Persian Main article: Iranian philosophy Persian philosophy can be traced back as far as Old Iranian philosophical traditions and thoughts, with their ancient Indo-Iranian roots. These were considerably influenced by Zarathustras teachings. Throughout Iranian history and due to remarkable political and social influences such as the Macedonian, the Arab, and the Mongol invasions of Persia, a wide spectrum of schools of thought arose. These espoused a variety of views on philosophical questions, extending from Old Iranian and mainly Zoroastrianism-influenced traditions to schools appearing in the late pre-Islamic era, such as Manicheism and Mazdakism, as well as various post-Islamic schools. Iranian philosophy after Arab invasion of Persia is characterized by different interactions with the old Iranian philosophy, the Greek philosophy and with the development of Islamic philosophy. Illuminationism and the transcendent theosophy are regarded as two of the main philosophical traditions of that era in Persia. Zoroastrianism has been identified as one of the key early events in the development of philosophy. [33] 5th–16th centuries Europe Medieval. Medieval philosophy is the philosophy of Western Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages, roughly extending from the Christianization of the Roman Empire until the Renaissance. [34] Medieval philosophy is defined partly by the rediscovery and further development of classical Greek and Hellenistic philosophy, and partly by the need to address theological problems and to integrate the then widespread sacred doctrines of Abrahamic religion (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity) with secular learning. The history of western European medieval philosophy is traditionally divided into two main periods: the period in the Latin West following the Early Middle Ages until the 12th century, when the works of Aristotle and Plato were preserved and cultivated; and the golden age[citation needed] of the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries in the Latin West, which witnessed the culmination of the recovery of ancient philosophy, and significant developments in the field of philosophy of religion, logic and metaphysics. The medieval era was disparagingly treated by the Renaissance humanists, who saw it as a barbaric middle period between the classical age of Greek and Roman culture, and the rebirth or renaissance of classical culture. Yet this period of nearly a thousand years was the longest period of philosophical development in Europe, and possibly the richest. Jorge Gracia has argued that in intensity, sophistication, and achievement, the philosophical flowering in the thirteenth century could be rightly said to rival the golden age of Greek philosophy in the fourth century B. C. [35] Some problems discussed throughout this period are the relation of faith to reason, the existence and unity of God, the object of theology and metaphysics, the problems of knowledge, of universals, and of individuation. Philosophers from the Middle Ages include the Christian philosophers Augustine of Hippo, Boethius, Anselm, Gilbert of Poitiers, Peter Abelard, Roger Bacon, Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Jean Buridan; the Jewish philosophers Maimonides and Gersonides; and the Muslim philosophers Alkindus, Alfarabi, Alhazen, Avicenna, Algazel, Avempace, Abubacer, Ibn Khaldun, and Averroes. The medieval tradition of Scholasticism continued to flourish as late as the 17th century, in figures such as Francisco Suarez and John of St. Thomas. Aquinas, father of Thomism, was immensely influential in Catholic Europe, placed a great emphasis on reason and argumentation, and was one of the first to use the new translation of Aristotles metaphysical and epistemological writing. His work was a significant departure from the Neoplatonic and Augustinian thinking that had dominated much of early Scholasticism. Renaissance The Renaissance (rebirth) was a period of transition between the Middle Ages and modern thought,[36] in which the recovery of classical texts helped shift philosophical interests away from technical studies in logic, metaphysics, and theology towards eclectic inquiries into morality, philology, and mysticism. [37][38] The study of the classics and the humane arts generally, such as history and literature, enjoyed a scholarly interest hitherto unknown in Christendom, a tendency referred to as humanism. [39][40] Displacing the medieval interest in metaphysics and logic, the humanists followed Petrarch in making man and his virtues the focus of philosophy. [41][42] The study of classical philosophy also developed in two new ways. On the one hand, the study of Aristotle was changed through the influence of Averroism. The disagreements between these Averroist Aristotelians, and more orthodox catholic Aristotelians such as Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas eventually contributed to the development of a humanist Aristotelianism developed in the Renaissance, as exemplified in the thought of Pietro Pomponazzi and Giacomo Zabarella. Secondly, as an alternative to Aristotle, the study of Plato and the Neoplatonists became common. This was assisted by the rediscovery of works which had not been well known previously in Western Europe. Notable Renaissance Platonists include Nicholas of Cusa, and later Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. [42] The Renaissance also renewed interest in anti-.

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- essays research papers fc

Abraham Lincoln Why I chose to research Abraham Lincoln’s life. Ever since I was a small boy in elementary school, and all throughout my grade school days, there were many great names that were spoken of and taught about. Names such as George Washington, (our first president) John Hancock, John Adams, and Mark Twain were among many others who contributed to the betterment of our great country, the United States of America. Yet there was one name that resounded in my classrooms, and in my ears. That name was Abraham Lincoln. As a child, I had heard of great things this man had done, and wonderful things he had said. Of the many great things said by Abraham Lincoln, I recall most vividly the Gettysburg address, given on November 19, 1863.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Listening to the words of my teachers and reading from my textbooks about this great man who had done great things, made me curious. I wanted to know in more detail exactly what it was that made this man so revered by teachers, political leaders, students, and everyday people. What was it about Abraham Lincoln that made him who he was? And how did this have an affect on how he ran the country? These are some questions that I have, and throughout this research, I hope to answer them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham Lincoln was born in Larue County, which is in Kentucky, February 12, 1809 on a Sunday morning. He, as well as most other people in those days, was born in a log cabin that was not necessarily the most well built. The Lincoln cabin, as stated on page 5 in vol. one of The Life of Abraham Lincoln, by William E. Barton, â€Å"was lacking in all modern conveniences and most modern comforts.† Abraham Lincoln was not born into a rich family who had achieved great social and political power, but instead, a common, rather poor family, who was content with what they had. Thomas Lincoln (Abraham’s father) was a carpenter and a farmer, and he met his wife Nancy through a co-worker. Nancy was the sister of Joseph Hanks, who worked with Thomas Lincoln as a carpenter, and it is believed that through this acquaintance, Thomas and Nancy met, and were married. Nancy and Thomas Lincoln were the parents of Abraham Lincoln, and were both born in Virginia. When Nancy Lincoln got pregnant for the first time, both she and Thomas wanted to have a baby boy, however, their ... ...nd by a very large margin. Lincoln was placed on the Committee of Public Accounts and Expenditures on what was called the Ninth General Assembly. Lincoln made no marked impression on this legislative body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In May of 1860, Abraham Lincoln was nominated for the republican presidential candidate. Lincoln was nominated by three hundred and sixty four votes, where only two hundred and thirty-four were required.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his presidency, Lincoln achieved many goals, some preconceived, and some not. He was a great man, and a great president, due to his honesty and integrity. The questions that I had about Abraham Lincoln, (What was it about Abraham Lincoln that made him who he was? And how did this have an affect on how he ran the country?) Were more than answered. Lincoln was a man who rose above his circumstances and chose to do the right thing. I think that this unique president draws so many people’s attention to himself because of his honesty and integrity. Where have all the presidents run off to who will walk in the footsteps of Abraham Lincoln? Works Cited 1) The life of Abraham Lincoln, by William E. Barton. vol. One and Two.

Job Promotion Press Release

Ohio, approximately five minutes outside of West Milton, Ohio, has recently Just received a promotion at his local grocery store. Post has worked at this location going on five years now and has been offered a managing position. It will require him to put in more hours, but he will receive better pay, plus benefits. With this new position he will be in charge of opening up the store, along with closing; depending on what shift he works.Added to that he'll make ere other co-workers stay on task, as well as balancing out cashier's money drawers. Post will as well have to be trained on the cash register for when that have a rush of customers to be able to provide help. The previous position Post held was Just a regular customer service position. Post stocked shelves when new products arrived on the truck, conditioned the shelves, and bagged customer's groceries. Post as well would provide carrying out customer's groceries if there were four or more bags, or upon customers request.Every night before leaving Post would start his nightly responsibilities, which included filling eggs ND milk, sweeping the store, and taking out all trash. That Job helped Post get comfortable interacting with customers on a dally basis, and Improve his people skills. Post was approached by his boss before he left one day and he said, â€Å"what would you think If I said we'd Like to promote you to a higher position? † Post was more than (more) thrilled by this comment.Post's boss continued by saying, â€Å"you've shown some real dedication to this store recently, and you've received many compliments from customers. † With all this positive feedback, Post was more than excited to accept his bosses offer. Post graduated from Milton-Union High School In 2011, where he then continued his education at Sinclair Community College. Post later transferred to Columbia College Chicago where he Is currently attending as a Marketing Communications Major focusing In Public Relations.Giv en his Job promotion remains back In Ohio, his boss was more than understanding to allow him to accept It as a seasonal management position. Therefore Post will work there over his Christmas and summer months off from schooling. There are many GIG locations throughout Ohio, but the Chasten family Independently owns the West Milton GIG. The motto of the store Is â€Å"hometown proud. † The Chasteness want you to experience a hometown feel when you shop at their store. One of the mall reasons they still offer carryout boys for their customer's groceries.GIG specializes In the groceries that your family needs. They also happen to have one of the best dells around, a little pricey, but well worth It. – end – Job Promotion Press Release By specs_post comfortable interacting with customers on a daily basis, and improve his people you think if I said we'd like to promote you to a higher position? † Post was more than Post graduated from Milton-Union High School i n 2011, where he then continued College Chicago where he is currently attending as a Marketing Communications Major focusing in Public Relations.Given his Job promotion remains back in Ohio, his boss was more than understanding to allow him to accept it as a seasonal independently owns the West Milton ‘GA. The motto of the store is â€Å"hometown their store. One of the main reasons they still offer carryout boys for their customer's groceries. GIG specializes in the groceries that your family needs. They also happen to have one of the best delis around, a little pricey, but well worth it.

Swot Analysis Essay - 2463 Words

opportunities and threats strategic business plan business scenario DefinitionEdit DefinitionSave to FavoritesSee ExamplesAgents, factors, or forces in an organizations external environment that are out of its control, and can directly or indirectly affect is chances of success or failure. Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/opportunities-and-threats.html#ixzz2WoSDsDoP Agents, factors, or forces in an organizations external environment that are out of its control, and can directly or indirectly affect is chances of success or failureRead more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/opportunities-and-threats.html#ixzz2WoSQWUFN Agents, factors, or forces in an organizations external environment that are†¦show more content†¦Enthusiasm makes me feel completely full of vibrancy. It is one of the bases of bliss. Ardor gives me a chance to captivate profoundly in things that matter profoundly. In light of the fact that I am heartfelt, I have more vigor for my hunts. Enthusiasm uplifts my mindfulness and mental sharpness. I come to be all the more physically proficient. . Enthusiasm regularly is infectious, which makes it an extraordinary administration quality. My Enthusiasm in my current setting has caused me to take charge with little to no supervision. I believe this has put a star in my crown when it come to my position as a Activity coordinator. I have been entrusted with various and many task because of my enthusiasm and passion Another strength in my current setting is a strong network. I am finding that the network system is getting stronger day by day as I continue in my weeks of my setting. The network contacts have been made available to myself and I am able to reach out and touch them if and when they are needed and they are current and are very knowledgeable in the line of business. The network system is built up with other adult daycare centers and former adultdaycareworkers whom have expert advice and resources of information. Another strength is I like to keep my personal work space well organized. I also regularly seek feedback on work performance from my supervisors. I sometime obtain feedback from clients or customers. Weaknesses Your strengths are things you do veryShow MoreRelatedEssay on SWOT Analysis627 Words   |  3 PagesSWOT ANALYSIS SWOT stands for the internal strengths, weakness and the external opportunities and threats. A swot analysis summarises the key issues from the industry and the strategic capability of an organisation that are most likely to impact on strategy development. Strengths  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strong brand awareness. (Next has a strong heritage and roots in its brand perception relating to good design and quality)  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Truly integrated multi-channel clothing retailer. (Its Internet operationsRead More Swot analysis Essay810 Words   |  4 PagesSwot analysis Marketing Swot analysis focuses on the internal and external environment of our business, examining strengths and weaknesses in the internal environment and opportunities and threats in the external environment. Swot Analysis is a very effective way of identifying our strengths and weaknesses, and of examining the opportunities and threats we face. Swot analysis looks at the factors which affects the success or failure of our business. Our company’s strengths includesRead MoreSWOT analysis Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesCyraCom International Inc. SWOT Analysis One night in 1981, Jeff Munks, a police office in San Jose, CA responded to an urgent call and arrived at a residence where a Vietnamese immigrant who spoke no English was screaming and waving his arms agitatedly. Next to him, his son was having trouble breathing. 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I like to goRead MoreSwot Analysis of Walmart Essay2429 Words   |  10 Pagesis an un-passable opportunity.    †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The owners of Wal-Mart stand to gain enormous profits from this move while India’s economy will suffer and its workers will be subjugated to the unfair work practices of this Multinational Behemoth SWOT Analysis Wal-Mart Strength * Wal-Mart is a powerful retail brand. It has a reputation for value for money, convenience and a wide range of products all in one store. * Wal-Mart has grown substantiallyRead MorePersonal Swot Analysis Essay example1143 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal SWOT Analysis The career objective that I have in my life is to have started my own business or be a owner of business. The information that follows will be presented in a SWOT analysis format that describes me and more in depth with my current career objective. 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