Bringing Minds To Gods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bringing Minds To Gods - Research Paper ExampleOne famous symbolic anthropologist by the name of Clifford Geertz even defined religion as (1) a system of symbols which acts to (2) establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by (3) formulating conceptions of a general hunting lodge of existence and (4) clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that (5) the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic (Geertz 1966). An integral part in the system of religion is the belief of sin. In a general and more modern sense, sin is anything that violates a certain moral standard or code of conduct. Anything that is offensive, an avoidance of good, or the act of doing harm is considered a sin. In Christianity, sin does not only mean those actions that are tangible but it also encompasses feelings of enmity, internal thoughts, and other motivations that lead to ill-doing, shame, or immorality. In a religious perspective, when a person commits si ns, his relationship with his supernatural being is tainted and he therefore must do sacrificial acts to revivify the connection. This act of achieving a certain kind of spiritual cleansing, more commonly understood as the concepts of expiation and/or the placation of sins have since become so interrelated hand in hand with the notion of sin. And religions have, to a good extent, institutionalized certain practices and ritual to ensure the reparation of relationship between creation and his deity. Among the many established religions in the world today, this paper shall focus on the discussion of the similarities and differences of the concept of atonement and/or spiritual cleansing between Hinduism and Confucianism. To define, atonement is the process by which a person removes obstacles to his reconciliation with God. In doing so, he re-establishes or strengthens his relations to the holy divine. As the etymology of the name suggests, to atone is to solidifying at one (Encyclop edia Britannica, May 2011). Hinduism Present among the various religions in the world in the act of expiation of sins are prayer, repentance, fasting, and offering (animal or crops). In Hinduism, the ultimate goal in life is to be in union with the Brahman, the supreme and absolute universal Spirit of the universe. To be one with the Brahman, one must ceaselessly purify himself through the practice of atonement or Prayaschitta, a ritual performed to eliminate the effects of bad deeds. In the Hindu lexicon, praya intend austerity and chitta means a firm resolution. Hence, to do prayschitta, one must undergo or render a certain form of sacrifice to cleanse him from the wrong behaviour he has committed. This includes extreme fasting which could last as long as a month, chanting of Mantras, or giving out of gifts or going away on a pilgrimage. History has it that the act of prayaschitta among Hindus is not necessarily according to the Brahmans but it goes back to law books of Sanskr it. The severity of the penance is said to be dependant upon the weight of the violation committed. In some documented acts of atonement, there were instances of drinking boiled liquor for the sin committed in drinking too oft of the same intoxicating beverage. This kind of ritual is considered to be light as the sin committed is not severe. Severe ones are those that include murder,

Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete - Essay ExampleTwo-point load test was use to examine the bending moment of the bars while the cubes were subjected to compression tests for estimating their compressive strength. The flexural strength was also quantified. The effects observed on the steel quality and steel bar reenforce beams and cubes were compared with those of beams and cubes do with plain concrete. The observations and comparisons are discussed. Introduction High durability and strength are an important prerequisite for concrete structures as they are continuously exposed to various forces, two static and dynamic (Elavenil & Knight 2007). Therefore, considerable research in recent years has focused on enhancing these properties in concrete. The use of fibers for reinforcement in concrete has been shown to improve its behavior. Reinforcement with fibers improves the toughness of concrete under any kind of loading as the fibers summation the strain experienced at peak load and enhance energy absorption (Van Chanh 2005). While several fibers such as glass, steel, cellulous and synthetic fibers are used for concrete reinforcement, the effects of reinforcement using steel fibers is explicitly discussed here. Special emphasis is given to the mechanical properties and performance of SFRC as compared to plain concrete. ... Hence, a overlarge amount of energy has to be absorbed before there is complete separation of the concrete post-cracking. The material properties of any fiber reinforced concrete provide vary with the dosage of the fiber, the geometry of the fiber and the different combinations of fibers used (Ross n.d.). Aims and Objectives The aim of this investigation is to examine the effects of steel fiber reinforcement on the mechanical properties of concrete. For this purpose, both steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) and plain concrete have been compared. The beams and cubes examined in this experiment are made of 1. Steel fiber HE (Hooked End) r einforced concrete at a ratio of 20 kg/m3 2. Steel fiber HE reinforced concrete at a ratio of 40 kg/m3 3. Steel fiber XR reinforced concrete at a ratio of 20 kg/m3 4. Steel fiber XR reinforced concrete at a ratio of 40 kg/m3 5. Plain concrete 6. Normally reinforced concrete with two 6mm diameter bars 7. Normally reinforced concrete with four 6mm diameter bars As the main aim of this select is to compare the performance of SFRC and plain concrete, it can be subdivided into the following objectives for ease of study Studying the flexural strength of both SFRC and plain concrete beams Studying the compressive strength of both SFRC and plain concrete cubes Comparing the flexural and bending failures The performance of the different beams and cubes made with SFRC is also compared based on the distribution of fiber in the concrete, and based on the shape of the fiber, i.e. HE and XR. Literature Review Influence of Fibers on mechanic Properties of SFRC There are different types of steel fibers sold under various commercial names. Based on their manufacturing process, they are divided into

Endometrial Cancer Essay Example for Free

endometrial Cancer EssayEndometrial crabmeat refers to several types of malignance which arise from the endometrium, or lining of the uterus. Endometrial pubic louses are the nearly common gynecologic cancers in the United States, with over 35,000 women diagnosed each year in the U. S. The roughly common subtype, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, typically occurs within a few decades of menopause, is associated with excessive estrogen exposure, often develops in the setting of endometrial hyperplasia, and presents most often with vaginal discharge.Endometrial carcinoma is the third most common cause of gynecologic cancer death (behind ovarian and cervical cancer). A total abdominal hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the most common therapeutic approach. Endometrial cancer may sometimes be referred to as uterine cancer. However, different cancers may develop not only from the endometrium itself scarce also from other tissues o f the uterus, including cervical cancer, sarcoma of the myometrium, and trophoblastic disease.Classification Most endometrial cancers are carcinomas (usually adenocarcinomas), meaning that they originate from the single layer of epithelial cells which line the endometrium and build the endometrial glands. There are many microscopic subtypes of endometrial carcinoma, including the common endometrioid type, in which the cancer cells grow in patterns reminiscent of normal endometrium, and the far much aggressive uterine papillary serous carcinomapapillary serous carcinoma and clear cell endometrial carcinomas.Some authorities have proposed that endometrial carcinomas be assort into two pathogenetic groups1 Type I These cancers occur most commonly in pre- and peri-menopausal women, often with a history of unopposed estrogen exposure and/or endometrial hyperplasia. They are often minimally invasive into the underlying uterine wall, are of the low-grade endometrioid type, and carry a good prognosis. Type II These cancers occur in honest-to-goodness, post-menopausal women, are more common in African-Americans, are not associated with increased exposure to estrogen, and carry a poorer prognosis.They include the high-grade endometrioid cancer, the uterine papillary serous carcinoma, the uterine clear cell carcinoma. In contrast to endometrial carcinomas, the uncommon endometrial stromal sarcomas are cancers which originate in the non-glandular connective tissue of the endometrium. Uterine carcinosarcoma, at once called Malignant mixed mullerian tumor, is a rare uterine cancer which contains cancerous cells of both glandular and sarcomatous appearance in this case, the cell of origin is unknown.Signs Symptoms Vaginal bleeding and/or spotting in postmenopausal women Abnormal uterine bleeding, abnormal menstrual periods Bleeding between normal periods in premenopausal women in women older than 40 extremely long, heavy, or frequent episodes of bleeding (may in dicate premalignant changes)Women with percentage point 1 disease who are at increased risk for recurrence and those with stage 2 disease are often offered surgery in combination with radiation therapy therapy. Chemotherapy may be considered in some cases, especially for those with stage 3 and 4 disease. hormonal therapy with progestins and antiestrogens has been apply for the treatment of endometrial stromal sarcomas. The antibody Herceptin, which is used to treat breast cancers that overexpress the HER2/neu protein, has been tried with some success in a phase II trial in women with uterine papillary serous carcinomas that overexpress HER2/neu. shaft therapy for endometrial cancer Radiation therapy is the use of high-dose X-rays to destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy may be used to treat endometrial cancer after hysterectomy or as the primary therapy, particularly for women who cannot have surgery. The two types of radiation therapy that may be used to treat endometrial canc er are Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy), in which radioactive materials (radioisotopes) are placed into the uterus or other areas where the cancer cells are found. External beam radiation therapy, in which radiation comes from a machine outside the body. In brachytherapy, tiny tubes of radioactive material are inserted through the vagina and left wing in the uterus for 2 to 3 days.Brachytherapy may be done in the hospital or as on an outpatient basis. External beam radiation therapy is usually done in an outpatient treatment center. A typical therapy course is radiation treatments 5 days a week for 4 to 6 weeks. Radiation therapy may cause side effects, including Fatigue. Dryness, itching, tightening, and burning in the vagina. Red, dry, tender, itchy skin. Moist, weepy skin (later in the treatment). Hair loss in the treated area. Loss of appetite. Diarrhea. stag and uncomfortable urination.If surgery is not recommended, radiation therapy alone may be used. Radia tion therapy may also be used if more extensive cancer is discovered during surgery. Stage IV Radiation therapy may be used if the cancer is contained in the pelvic region but is usually not recommended if the cancer has spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body. Endometrial cancer may recur. Radiation therapy may be used to control symptoms and increase comfort. Radiation therapy may remedy your cancer if the cancer is confined to your vagina and radiation therapy has not been used before.

Decisions Essay Example for Free

Decisions EssayDecisions in 2006 regarding discrimination in the body of work centered to a greater extent often than non on a theme of term and shew. The dally regularly held that the evidence of discrimination must be clear and that the legal bodily process must be filed in a timely manner. The idea that a mortal stand redeem been the victim of discrimination for years and leave taken no action was dismissed as untimely. A case alleging racial discrimination was held to have insufficient induction of intent and in another(prenominal) case the court held that a union suing an employer for prejudicial hiring practices also did not submit sufficient proof. Finally, the court held that when an employer takes discriminatory action it does not have to be within the confines of the workplace to be discriminatory. First, in a case against Good Year Tire and Rubber Company, the plaintiff claimed that in her 18 years with Good Year, she had routinely been gainful a smaller w age than her male counterparts. A local jury awarded her damages based on a series of wage-related decisions going back 19 years.However, the 11th Circuit Court held that the plaintiffs lawsuit was untimely in that her complaint was not based on actions taken in the expire 180 days according to the summation of Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire Rubber, 421 F. 3d 1169 (11th Cir 08/23/2005) (Runkel, 2007. The court did not rule on the merit of the case, but held that the statute restricts the time frame in which the alleged discrimination was to have occurred (Runkel, 2007).The plaintiff has appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court and in May, 2007, Justice Samuel Alito writing for the court, affirmed the lower courts ruling Ledbetter v. Good Year, 2007). Next, in case versus Tyson Foods the court held that use of the term boy is not enough proof of racial animus to sustain a ruling alleging discrimination, but reverse a portion of the lower courts ruling which had claimed that a r acial descriptor was call for to accompany the boy to prove animus. In Ash v. Tyson Foods, 126 S. Ct. 195 (02/21/2006), the court wrote, Although it is true the disputed word will not always be evidence of racial animus, it does not follow that the term, standing alone, is always benign.The speakers meaning may depend on various factors including context, inflection, tone of voice, local custom, and historical usage. Insofar as the Court of Appeals held that modifiers or qualifications are necessary in all instances to render the disputed term probative of bias, the courts decision is erroneous. (Runkel, 2007). That means the court needs more information that just a word to determine discrimination. The court ruling says that to prove discrimination, the plaintiff must show more than just a misjudgment by the hiring authority of perceived qualifications. It must show that disparities of qualifications must be or such weight and significance that a probable person could not have m ade the hiring decision which was made (Ash v. Tyson, 2006).This decision dovetails with the courts decision in IBEW v.Mississippi Power Light, 442 F. 3d 313 (5th Cir 03/02/2006). The union had argues that the employers mensuration for employment was discriminatory in that the cut-off point on the standardized tests was inherently discriminatory. The court did not dispute the merit of the claim, but ruled that the burden of proof lies with the plaintiff and that the union had failed to prove that there was another way that the employer could adequately determine employment eligibility. (Runkel, 2007)Finally, the court held that when an employer is accused of retaliatory action, it does not have to be limited to the confines of the work environment. In Burlington Northern v. White, 126 S. Ct. 2405 (06/22/2006), the court upheld the defendants claim that her employer had retaliated against her by moving her from one position to another and by initially trying to suspend her without pay, requiring that she file a grievance through the union to receive reinstatement and her back pay.The court held, We conclude that the anti-retaliation provision does not confine the actions and harms it forbids to those that are related to employment or occur at the workplace. We also conclude that the provision covers those (and only those) employer actions that would have been materially adverse to a reasonable employee or job applicant. In the present context that means that the employers actions must be harmful to the point that they could well dissuade a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination. (Runkel, 2007).The court further held that retaliatory practices do not have to include financial pass to be actionable. (Runkel, 2007) The overwhelming effect of these court ruling on future graduates is a trend within employment law toward the defense of the employer. These cases tend to foretell that the court has placed the entire burden of proof on the employee when it comes to discrimination cases and expects that the employee can make a clear case for their claim, rather than relying on feeble innuendoes, such as in the Tyson case.For employees, this can be a difficult precedence in that other employees are unlikely to back a persons claim regarding workplace discrimination especially when they would then have such stringent requirements in proving their own retaliation case. This is also likely to have a chilling effect on employees who feel they are being mistreated because of the burden of proof. The reality is that for any African-American man, the mere use of the word boy is inflammatory, especially in the south.Though the word was not accompanied by any racial descriptor, the court held that intonation and other context can be used to determine the words intent. For an African-American in the South, that is the context and proving what his supervisor was thinking places too great a burden on the plaintiff. The Tyso n case in particular makes it difficult for a person who is the victim of subtle racism to prove it and the Ledbetter cases reiterates that the person must deal with any perceived discrimination within 6 months of its occurrence, compounding the difficulty in proving a case.

Understanding specific needs in Health Social Care

Understanding ad hoc involve in Health Social C atomic number 18Understanding the specialised strikes in Health Social CareTable of ContentAc associationmentTable of ContentIntroduction1.1 Roles of the wellness administer agencies1.2 Epidemiology of non infectious diseaseEpidemiology of infectious disease1.3 Effectiveness of different strategies and approaches2.1 Regulate health caveat methods2.2 Relationship of health and tender shell out service provision2.3 Current lifestyle choices lead to future health and amicable function3.1 Health and wellbeing priorities3.2 Encouraging behavioral changes3.3 Changes needed for improving Health and wellbeingConclusionRecommendationsReferencesIntroductionWithout any doubt, health is the exactly about authorized factor for a living being. A persons life is depended on the well-being of health, not to mention all the regular activities are centered towards this. But with the increase difficulties in regular living is making thi s precise health deteriorating each day. It is very important for mass hatful to sympathize the basic of health dynamics. With the changes in the natural spectrum, huge changes come also taken place in human needs regarding needs of health and social care services. Not only the pattern has changed overtime, but also the perception towards these is transformed drastically.1.1 The core concept- health changes in perception regarding health and social care servicesThe fundamental pattern of health and social care is changed due to revolution in the need regarding this. There are various macro factors alter to this, a considerableside the micro adepts. In various countries, there are mammoth changes in the demographic pattern and the health literacy which has changed the whole landscape of health and social care services. To understand the perception of changing health and social care services it is very important to understand the underlying concepts like normality, disability, sickness and so forthNormalityNormality which is also known as normalcy depicts the behavior which is consistent with an individualisticistics some(prenominal) common behavior in footing of health factors. It is very vast term to describe and it in many another(prenominal) cases it changes with the context. When it comes down to the definition of health, this normality is a very significant concept. A anicteric state generally stands for normal and sound process of all the social occasions that drives a human being. Clinically normality represents the consistency between the bodily and psychological functions. The turn is generally known as abnormality.DisabilityDisability means disseverial or total forfeiture of a persons bodily function which could be motor functionality, walking etc. As mentioned earlier this loss could be partial or complete and this could even be from birth. A person might have one disability or he could have septuple disabilities which could be os tensible for instance loss of a limb or it could also be in hidden form for example epilepsy or post-polio syndrome. Some types of disabilities are multiple-sclerosis, spina bifida etc.There was time when there was a norm in the society which permitted the stigma and discrimination. People tend to avoid and stigmatize the person with illness, disabilities and it kept going on for a long period of time. The net result of this was that it made the whole situation way more difficult for the affected person and consequentially, it becomes really hard for them to recover from the illness. The riddle of mental illness is a common phenomenon for example at some point of life out of every four people generally experiences mental health paradox. nevertheless approximately one in every ten children faces various mental health problems. With the changes in the condition health and social care services have changed drastically. On the positive side, the stigmatization and discrimination hav e been reduced significantly due to continuous awareness in mass level.1.2 tinge of social policy, statute law and culture on availability of servicesIn the sector of health and social care, social policy along with canon and culture play a great role when it comes to availability of necessary service for each a group of individuals having specific needs. If the social policy does not leap out the support the specific needs and patronize it in favorable way then it will become impossible to lead life in a favorable way. The regulation, in this case, is very important both on individual and mass level. For example, right now it is secretary of states responsibility to promote comprehensive health service all over UK which will lead to significant improvement in physical as well as mental health of the individual in addition to this, the service will aid in not only the prevention but also the diagnosis of mental and physical issues. The populaceation of the health and social c are services will be measured base on the effective, quality and the experience of the concerned persons.In this regard, only legislation and policy will not suffice in the long run. To make this kind of practice sustainable and craft the system in such conciliatory way so that the changes can be made whenever it is necessary. To accomplish this objective, the services required for the individuals with specific needs have to turned into a culture which people will adhere to follow, not for just the sake of legislation that has to be followed in formal manner.2.1 the mechanism of supporting individual with specific needsTo attain this objective, the services required for the individuals with specific needs have to turned into a culture which people will adhere to follow, not for just the sake of legislation that has to be followed in formal manner. There are been number of cases of where health and social care do not cypher in harmony when it is about the propering the specific needs of the individuals. Every year total number of people in UK requiring both health and social care is on an increasing trend. Just for example, total percentage of individuals crossing eighty five will double in the next twenty years which will arouse the interlacing needhttps//www.gov.uk/government/policies/making-sure-health-and-social-care-services-work-togetherof health care as well as social care. By complex need of health care we refer to multiple health problem at the same time which need to be backed up by the social care services. So far the most glaring issue is that, these two are not collaborating as per expected level. And this is turning into a big problem for the service takers. For example, a person later staying a while in hospital requiring final treatment is trying to know how many days he might have stay after treatment. Over the period of time, being in hospital became a gruesome experience for him but this mental issue is mostly overlooked. This is just a design of common scenario fetching place most often. In many cases, one important parts either health care or social care is missing. When health and service care is joined up and given properly to the people, that has the highest probability of meeting individual need. This concept should be put into manakin and later on, it will work as a guiding principal for the health care and social care service providers.2.2 evaluaiton of currently available system servicesGenerally it is perceived that, when two services- health care and social care are collaborated it must be very beneficial for the people who are taking this service as well as for the service providers. But yet this notion is to be supported by number of facts.http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14629210there is an study do by Brown L, Tucker C by to evaluate the efficacy of the currently available system of health care and social care to meet the specific needs of the individuals. This study more of less represents the current scenario of available systems. The study was conducted among a group of aged persons who were given both health care and social care. In the initial stage the result was very much aspiring. The health care and social care needs were assessed successfully and in a timely manner. This was like a one stop approach for two big facial gestures catering the individual needs. The whole process of communication of the issue, intellect the aspect and the exchange of required information was drastically improved but it comes down to implementation this seemed not to work properly. level off though the individual need assessed properly, the problem started in the implementation level. The implementation of the service was not satisfactory because of the duly implementation as well as the follow up process. Innovation in the phase of implementation can play a great role as well as the change in implementation process also. Even though two entities giving health and social care se rvices have the same goal they have different organizational structure, ideology and workings process. During the implementation phase, it becomes very difficult to accommodate both services in subsequent point of time. So far in nationwide analysis, the same problem is been observed. Even though the general perception is that, the outcome has to be good naturally the fact is quite the opposite. In many cases the efficacy of current model is questioned thoroughly. To make these two services more appropriate and effective for the individual needs it is very important to do the organizational and legal fixes rather than just focusing first hand coordination portion.3.1 understanding approaches intervention strategies supporting individual specific needsThere can be a number of ways to support the individual need with health care and social care, but it is very important to come up with the best strategy and blend it effectively. here the challenge is, each individual aspect for ex ample health care can be appropriate in its own stance but when it comes to collaborationism the approach will be different. Let us consider a common scenario- Autism where it is very important to use the perfective tense strategy to meet the individual specific need.Since there is hardly any permanent cure for autism, the professional bodies use a number of approaches that aid the concern in different ways. The most challenging aspect in this case is, there are never two individuals with exact same case of autism where a approach might perfect work one person, whereas the same approach will fail with slightly different case.http//www.autism.org.uk/living-with-autism/strategies-and-approaches.aspxbefore coming up with the exact approach it is highly important to gather all the relevant data pertaining to the autism for that specific individual. In addition to this, dealing with this is a long term approach, so while choosing the method one must be very careful and plan down the li ne what might take place. One standard startup intervention procedure is health and service based intervention. Apart from the health and service based intervention The starting intervention could be like behavioral and developmental intervention, motor and centripetal intervention, counseling etc.Health and service based intervention takes places in multiple phases and it needs to be planned beforehand. Standard Health and service based intervention is planned based on the focus to constantly uphold the well being of the individual with autism which will require a vast play of treatment and therapies as well as well a number of sociological approach. The common scenario is to use variety of approaches and methods which generally include professional therapists, delivery, langue therapist along with psychological therapists. This panel of therapists will be working together to ensure the proper development of the concern. This combination of different therapies is used with behav ioral, motor sensory, augmentative in addition to alternative intervention method. Among these, the standard procedure of health care includes standard operational procedures like medication, psychotherapy, physiotherapy, speech pathology aiming at the development of speech and language. On the other hand, service based interventions generally include aiding people in education, development of social skills, day to day land development on social skills, accessing the needs and change in those and respond accordingly. This is just the beginning. The challenge with autism is the lack of awareness and when people do not admit to have the autism. It is a common barrier for autism. The autism is most cases is invisible because it just possess few signs so it becomes really difficult what exact health and social care needs are required for he particular individual and how it can be tailored to maximize the benefits. Starting from the daily rituals to particular special activities, every thing needs to be chalked out and it needs to done on a daily basis. This is one approach dealing with the individual with autism. Another approach could be, after assessing all the possibilities, reckoning out two or three most latent route to deal with the scenario and start trying those out in a controlled setting for littler time being. After getting the results, the best method will be carried forward. The disadvantage with this approach is that the change could have negative impact on the concern. That it is very important to access the health and social care needs thoroughly at first and then act on this. The social care support might be very extensive here, starting from the education it could end up in finding appropriate works. The employment service are intentional in such a way that it suits individual abilities and needs and to make the approach successful the team of health and social care need to work closely with the family members, at least at the very first stag e they need to collaborate with the concerned family to understand the early stage development cooking stove and devise the plan accordingly.3.2 need for development and support for individual with specific needSpecific development methods need to be applied for the individual with specific needs, more specifically showing different characteristics. Other than the social needs, the health and wellbeing need to be checked on a regular basis because at the end of the day, if he does not have the functioning body he wont be able to do anything else. For this purpose, the health needs have to identified thoroughly and plan the acts based on that. There could be a number of activities which the person has to undergo and for convenience, these should be turned into a ritual format so that it becomes easier. Apart from these, health improvement needs to be monitored on a regular basis. Other than this it will not be possible to track the whether the approach is right or wrong. There shoul d scope for adaptions and improvisations to make the process much better and updated. 4.1 Strategies for coping up with challenges, potential impact of challenges and strategies to cope upWhile working in health and social care there are a number of scenarios posing specific challenges. beneath are two of them-With the increasing access to information, people are right now more knowledgeable in various subjects, even it could be to bantam extent but with the blessing of technology information is on the fingertips. But analyzing this information is totally different issue. In most cases being a part of health and social care I have seen that, the parents or relatives of the person taking services are intruding into the operational procedure without having sufficient knowledge on the subject. It is very much possible that it happens because of their extra cautiousness towards the wellbeing of their closed ones. Since we have deal with concern usually on a long term basis it becomes very difficult to experience this kind of intrusion. Another challenge is to tailor the service with the given agenda and financial constrain. In many cases, it becomes very difficult to meet specific need by tailoring it as per the agenda given. This is mainly because of the continuously changing demand and increasing public expectation. Since there are multiple entities involved in this procedure, it is very difficult to accommodate minor changes if that are done on a continuous basis.The potential impact of the challenging behavior on the health and social acre is that the health and social care givers have to be pretty much through regarding their understanding of the all the necessities and act accordingly. Starting from the planning, collaboration and execution phase they have to be very much cautious and the same time flexible regarding the plan. every the works need to be functionally assessed all the time and regular evaluation has become mandatory for the efficacy of the work.The core strategy to keep up with challenge is support from all the entities, be it the party taking the service or the one giving this. While dealing with the challenges clear target need to be set regarding the timeline, deliverables and all other specific activities. For working the with the challenging behaviors regarding specific needs it is very important to clearly communicate with the involved member, care the course of actions along with other specifications clearly. The rewards and sanctions will be set in such a way that it best suits and eases the operational procedure.

Dependence of man on the environment

Dependence of humankind beings on the environs The environment mainly consists of the earth and its surroundings which include the atmosphere. The livelihood of man here on earth completely depends on the raw(a) environment for its existence. It is from the environment that man ultimately obtains food or cash. Actually seventy percent of the earths surface is covered by piddle but collectable to mans activities both domestic and industrial, most of this water is polluted. Actually it is true that out of all this water covering the earths surface only 0.02% of this water is fresh. So as to control the impacts of water contamination which are hazardous to both human and marine life several world environmental bodies bring on come up with lawfully regulated water quality laws based on its desired using up. Changing the water sources designated purpose affects the allowed pollution levels in various ways. First one has to reason about the divergence between water for human c onsumption and water meant for untaught usage such as irrigation or industrial utilization. This various water uses will require variable water quality standards. Water quality is detect by the water characteristics which may be biological, physical or even biological. Most frequently there are set reference of standards to assess the compliance of the water. The most used standards to determine water quality relate to water used for domestic purposes such as drinking and cooking, wellbeing of humankind who take hold of in touch with it and the safety of the marine life. A person contributes to water pollution when you flush a toilet, pour dirty water down the forget you are using water which has to be purified in a water treatment plant. Mevery countries do not have water treatment plants and provided pump the raw waste into the rivers or sea. Also agricultural runoff water which contains high amounts of washed off pesticides and fertilizer enter the rivers and streams resu lting to pollution and blue the local plant and marine wildlife. There are numerous avails of the bakshis energy. First wind energy is clean and wind turbines generate electricity that does not release pollutants as compared to other energy sources. This means less environmental pollution thus combating with occurrence of environmental hazards such as acid pelting and smog amongst others. Power plants contribute to air pollution by emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides and sulphur dioxide resulting to global warming- this bunghole be vacateed by utilizing wind energy. In addition wind energy is renewable and has the less competitive cost as compared to the other sources such as natural gas. Also wind is readily available and it is in abundance thus it will not result to exhaustion of natural resources in the world. Moreover wind energy plants have a short construction period, involve minimal maintenance and require low operating costs as compared to the trad itional cater sources. Lastly wind power plants are very reliable as they generate electricity all the time and are not affected by international conflicts making it defiant to supply troubles or price fluctuations (Global wrap report, 2008). In spite of this many pros about wind energy it also has got just about cons. The main disadvantage of the wind energy is the winds unpredictability factor. This is caused by the occurrence of too low wind strengths which bathroomnot support the wind turbines. Also wind turbines generally produce less electricity thus requiring the construction of numerous turbines so as to generate an impact which leads to more initial capital cost. The wind turbines can be a source of noise pollution if they happen to be accomplished close to residential areas. Thus there you got for yourself the pros and cons of wind energy and the broad steadfastness of wind turbines (Clean energy ideas, 2008) REFERENCES Clean energy ideas, 2008 Energy articles- Sola r, Wind and Geothermal, Retrieved May 25, 2010 From http//www.clean-energy-ideas.com/articles/Global Wind Report, 2008 Adapted from information provided by the American Wind Energy Association, Retrieved May 25, 2010 From http//www.nrgsystems.com/AboutWind/BenefitsofWindEnergy.aspxDependence Of Man On The EnvironmentDependence Of Man On The EnvironmentAn ecological stones throw measures humanitys consumption of the natural resources. This proficiency is helpful because it shows how much of the natural resources human need for everyday life. However, the ecological footprint concept can be misleading as well. Ecological footprint does overlook renewable energy sources (sun, water) which reduce non-renewable sources (oil, coal). W. Cunningham and M. Cunningham (2008) add, These renewable sources increase the worlds carrying capacity for people as well (p. 79).5. How might exploitation universes lead to solutions to societys problems?The only reason how population growth can be benef icial to societys problems is by creation and innovation. In other words, more people can lead to additional manufactured goods that inspection and repair millions. more people boosts humanintelligence that will create new resources (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 77)8. In which parts of the world are populations declining?The parts of the world that populations are declining are North America, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and newborn Zealand (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 79)Discussion Questions 1 and 61. Suppose that you were head of a family planning agency in India. How would you design a scientific study to determine the potentiality of different approaches to population stabilization? How would you account for factors such as culture, religion, education, and economics?If I were the head of a family planning agency in India, I would involve to know what type of parentage control method is better for stabilization the India population. I would intervie w my clients to find out family size preferences and choice of desired ingest control. However, to curb a fast growing population, I would offer a special incentive, such as higher education and/or cash for couples to rest a certain amount of time to have children. Since family plays an important role in India, I would still offer family planning alternatives to separate out to slow population growth. I believe this would be good start to stabilize population growth in India.6. In chapter 3, we discussed carrying capacities. What do you think the maximum and optimum carrying capacities for humans are? Why is this a more complex question for humans than it might be for other species? Why is designing experiments in human human ecology difficult?I think this is a complex subject. Some people believe humans are considerably over their carrying capacities, which is the cause of poverty. While others say, our environment has the potential to carry humans despite of limited resources. Has the world reached its carrying capacity? I believe since the human population has a tendency to grow in an exponential way, the advancement of todays technology should increase our resources as well. Some believetechnology and enterprise can expand the worlds carrying capacity that would allow us to overcome any problems we encounter (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 75).I also think this is a more complex question for humans than other species because humans have the advantage of reducing birth rates through family planning.Since demography is the study of a populations size and growth, experimentation may be difficult because according to (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008) every day people continue to be born and die (p. 79). Furthermore, I believe the purpose of a designed experiment is to rule out an estimation of human population. Unfortunately, due to some growing and shrinking populations, consistency will be impossible.Chapter 5 Text Practice Quiz Questions 1, 9 a nd 161. Why did ecologists want to reintroduce wolves to Yellowstone Park? What goals did they have, and have their goals been achieved?Ecologists wanted to reintroduce wolves to Yellowstone Park because of the rapid growth of the elk and cervid populations. Since the elk and the deer inhabitants damaged the trees and shrubbery in the park, ecologists needed to minimize the elk and deer growing residents. Therefore, wolves became predators, which minimize the elk and deer population and the Yellowstone Park was restored. W. Cunningham and M. Cunningham (2008) adds, while wolves preyed on the elks, the wolves population grew, the elk figures decreased and the park was recovered (p. 95).9. Define biodiversity and bewilder three types of biodiversity substantive in preserving ecological systems and functions.Biodiversity is a diversity or assortment of organisms in a specific biological community. W. Cunningham and M. Cunningham (2008) state that the three types of biodiversity essen tial to preserve ecological systems and functions are genetic diversity (heritable measure of individual species), species diversity (description of various(a) organisms within an ecosystem), and ecological diversity (a variety of species in diverse environments) (p. 108).16. What is a flagship or umbrella species? Why are they often important, even though they are costly to maintain?A flagship or umbrella species is an large-hearted living thing used to protect its entire ecosystem. Even though it is costly to preserve flagship or umbrella species, a tiger for instance, will consist the entire feline environment. the protection of flagship or umbrella species would help more organisms in it ecosystem (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 121)Discussion Questions 1 and 51. Many poor tropical countries blame out that a hectare of shrimp ponds can provide 1,000 times as much annual income as the same area in an intact mangrove forest. Debate this point with a friend or classmate . What are the arguments for and against saving mangroves?Mangroves advantageA sheltered habitat for aquatic organisms such as fish, crabs, and shrimps.Since these organisms use up on the mangroves roots for nutrients, from a human perspective, fish, crabs, and shrimp can also offer economic benefits, which would lead to high efficiency.Mangroves disadvantageVulnerable to marine pollution such as oil spills and sewage leaks.W. Cunningham and M. Cunningham (2008) confirm the pros and cons of mangroves, Both marine speciesand terrestrial speciesrely on mangroves for shelter and food however, mangroves are also poisoned by sewage and industrial waste near cities (p.105).5. Many ecologists and resource scientists work for government agencies to study resources and resource management. Do these scientists serve the public best if they try to do pure science, or if they try to support the political positions of democratically elected representatives, who after all, represent the position s of their constituents?I think since science involves experimentation and detection, ecologists would benefit by supporting the political council. In other words, I believe ecological science is a political process because the ecologists research focuses on societys concerns such as biodiversity extinction. Since there are some organisms in the biodiversity community that offer specific benefits such as medicines and food supplies, the political government would help the scientists serve the public by sustaining the biodiversity ecosystem.Chapter 6 Text Practice Quiz Questions 2, 3 and 102. What do we mean by closed-canopy forest and old-growth forest?A closed-canopy forest is when tree crowns cover most of the ground.a old-growth forests are those that cover a large enough area and have been undistributed by human activities yearn enough that trees can live out a natural life (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 129)3. Which commodity is used most heavily in industrial economie s steel, plastic, or timber? What portion of the worlds population depends on timberland or charcoal as the main energy supply?Wood is a product used frequently in industrial economies. More than half of the people in the world depend on firewood or charcoal as their principal source of modify and cooking (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008 p. 129)10. What was the first national park in the world, and when was it established? How have the purposes of this park and others changed?According to W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008), The first national park in the world, Yellowstone National Park, was established in 1872. The Yellowstone National Park along will a few others were established to preserve natural scenery because of the disappearance of scenic beauty due to the land being sold to railroad and timber companies (p. 140).Discussion Questions 1 and 61. Paper and pulp are the fastest growing sector of the wood products market, as emerging economics of China and India catch up with the growing consumption rates of North America, Europe, and Japan. What should be done to reduce paper use?According to (W. Cunningham M. Cunningham, 2008), a couple of ways to reduce paper consumption is toRecycle paperInstead of printing copies, email the data (p.136)For instance, instead of nonrecreational bills by mail, register with e-statements and pay bills online. In additions, instead of buying newspapers and magazines from the store, sign up for online subscriptions.6. Why do you suppose alter tropical forest and tundra are well represented in protected areas, while grasslands and wetlands are protected relatively rarely? Consider social, cultural, geographic, and economic reasons in your answer.I believe dry tropical forest and tundra are well represented in protected areas because of its vast diversity of organisms and valuable resources such as paper and lumber. Therefore, conservation would avoid logging and extinction. In contrast, I assume grasslands and wetl ands are rarely sheltered because of lack of lumber. However, the particular biome offers income to humans, such as grazing. In this case, minimum protection is required. Basically, tropical forests and grasslands are utilized by humans- tropical forest areas (benefits from lumber for fuel and paper products)-grassland areas (benefits of large herds of grazing animals).

Impact of Conglomeration on Cultural Industries

Impact of Conglomeration on Cultural IndustriesCultural industries are a major source of generating information and knowledge in societies. The niggardliness in ownership over them, in the recent years by private corporate houses has brought in changes, in the way they point and function in hostelry. In this article, we see why ethnic industries are historic, what the functions carried out by them are and how they are affected by the conglomerate style ownership which is plethoric in society today.WHAT ARE CULTURAL INDUSTRIES?Cultural indus audition as a concept had first been put forward by German circumstantial theorists of the Frankfurt School, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer. While in exile from Nazi Germany in the 1940s, they wrote the Dialectic of Enlightenment through and through and through which they popularized the concept. In it, they wrote about the life in capitalist United States and felt it was rather meaningless and shallow. According to them, culture had e stablish commodified in the capitalist societies, which was why they coined the term Culture Industry. (pg24) The complexities which soak up arisen in society over time have metamorphosed the singular field spoken about by the two proponents and led to the earth of hea and soish industries. The divers(prenominal) ways in which society is influenced has led to the creation of different references of heathen production. (pg24)The continuous changes in the culture, economy and society pick out it important to understand cultural industries in the bequest day context. Cultural industry, in simple terms, refers to the activities which are interrelated with symbolic goods, i.e. those goods whose economic value is determined by their cultural value. This definition of cultural industries is relatively fluid as they respond to the changing dynamics of societies. Cultural industries comprise of classical cultural industries comparable broadcast media, architecture, music, films, et c. and traditional arts much(prenominal) as theatre, visual arts, literature, galleries, etc. (1) In the present day the term cultural industries is often used synonymously with media industries.ROLE OF CULTURAL INDUSTRIES IN innCultural industries have certain distinct functions to play in the present day modern societies. Firstly, cultural industries affect our views and knowledge about the world by creating and circulating different products. The media have a major contribution in this regard, not only through newspapers and broadcast news programmes but also through entertainment like films, television series and music. They overhaul frame our views on what is right or wrong, determine how people live together in society, how cold democratic functions are carried out and justice and rights upheld. These texts are disseminated by powerful corporations whose major motivation is to earn profits. Often theorists debate over whether cultural industries operate to carry out the in terests of these elites in the society. Through cultural industries they try to accustom the common man towards a farewellicular way of thinking which would eventually help serve their interests. (Pg 4)Secondly, the cultural industries tend to promote a particular type of work in society. Cultural production in societies takes place according to the type of audience. The texts produced in the system may more or lesstimes be mediocre and not enriching for the people because the motivation is not to promote the creativity in society. Rather it is to relieve the power of the business elites and promote consumerism. The contemporary sufferings and inequality of the capitalist societies are said to be the fallout of these cultural industries. The heads of corporations generally decide the freedom tending(p) to the workers or artists and thus visit the latent of the workers. (pg6)Thirdly, cultural industries are an important source for determining the source of wealth and employment in the societies. Scholars say that it is the marque name of the businesses which are of actual value and have motivated further spread of knowledge in societies. In recent years other sources developed, such as the internet. The massive boom in communication technologies provided an opportunity for the growth of credit based economic growth. consequently, cultural industries act as instruments of economic and mixer change. (Pg8)INTERESTS OF THE CORPORATIONSIt is important to understand what the interests of the exe dealive and owning class actually are to understand how and why corporations function as they do in contemporary capitalist societies. The boot interests of companies are to maximize their profits and revenues. Although some companies provide better conditions to their workers and offer many benefits but the target of the companies is to maximise their profits by minimising the costs. The owning class of companies try to collaborate with companies like their own. D espite the rival between the two, they try to unite in lobbying and campaigning against certain government legislations which are in support of the on the job(p) class. For their business to prosper, the corporate owners require stable economic and political conditions. They might be against certain reforms which the government wants to introduce which might be beneficial to the consumers and workers. Thus they try to influence the government by donations in the election campaigns and show their support to certain political candidates which will help create an atmosphere in the system which is necessityed for their business to boom and enlarge. (pg76-77)OWNERSHIP OF CORPORATIONSAround the 1960s, in the United States, conglomeration became one of the underlying features of ownership of corporation. Diverse business and industrial houses that originally had interests limited in oil and financial services only, had now started investing more into the media industries. These industr ies primarily had private ownership. In the late 1980s a new form of cooperation emerged whereby there was cross pro consummation and cross-selling between the different corporations so that there would an increase in the overall sales. With the developments in technologies new sources of cultural production emerged making the ownership more complex. In many of these industries such as radio, television and films, there was the payoff of oligopolistic ownership emerging which was leading to the creation of huge conglomerates. (pg195) In the USA, for instance, large corporations such as the RCA (Radio Corporation of America) became one of the leading companies overtaking the various media forms like publishing and newspaper companies and Hollywood studies emerged as an oligopoly which was integrated vertically. This vertical integration led to the development of certain new technologies such as recording and playback. at that place was also cross media ownership which do the syst em very complex. Film studios like MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) also held considerable interest in music industry. In the 1980s media houses began to invest more into consumer electronics companies. (pg72) For instance, Sony bought over CBS Records and capital of South Carolina Pictures Entertainment whereby it could use rock music and cinema which were popular in the US to promote the sale of CD and thereby increase their cultural productivity. (pg198)With the emergence of IT giants in the new millennium, telecommunications industries ventured into the broadcasting market. But it must be noted that these companies did not have significant cultural production. Their focus was more on gathering data on consumers which would help them to increase their sales. One of the most important ventures into cultural industries by the IT companies was that of Google who purchased YouTube in 2006. Google had recognized the relationship of circulation and distribution with that of culture and commu nication. The basic idea was that the greater the number of consumers who visit YouTube and the more number of pages they view, the greater will be the promotion of certain ads by YouTube. This led to the major friction over copyright between Goggle and other cultural industries. (pg 198)IMPACT OF CONGLOMERATE STYLE OWNERSHIPThere was an increasing emergence of small companies which took part in the cultural production though it was at a much smaller scale. These small industries brought to the fore concerns regarding the domination of big business houses over cultural production. It was argued that ownership in the big business and corporate houses belong in the hands of a few. As it was explained earlier, the different shareholders especially in the media industry have started acting as moguls. They have control and ties with other powerful institutions and people who help spread and propagate their particular interests in society.(pg 73) Some scholars dispute that there has emer ged a managerial revolution in the nineteenth century which has led to delegation into the hands of the managers who have different interests from that of the owners. Thus, interests of the corporations occasion varied as different classes involved become more diverse. Critics say that the managerial class also belongs to the wealthy higher stratum of society and so they may share interests with the owning class. (pg 75)There can be many harmful effects on the democratic practices in the nation if there is concentration of corporate ownership over the media and cultural industries. The media is one of the main sources of information for the people today. It is responsible for enlightening the people and providing them with vital information. But if there is increased corporate interest in media coverage, then there can be a major impact on what the media covers and does not cover. The media can no longer provide unbiased information and endlessly has to bear in mind that the infor mation that they generate does not in any way offend the owners. Thus, the media and other cultural industries become bound and shackled by the chains of the interests of the executive and corporate heads. The common man in turn is denied access to accurate and unbiased information. If he could us it he could make informed decisions. This has a direct fallout on the democratic political system in the society. (3)Another significant issue is that the knowledge that is generated and the culture that is produced become uniform and standardized. The information that is generated is that which can help retain the power and position of the corporate giants and tycoons. This compromises the ability of the common man to develop his or her ability to the fullest potential because what is popular in society is controlled and decided by a few who belong to the elite class. The inequalities in society are legitimised by the cultural industries like media which help retain the power and wealth domination of the corporate heads. Thus we see that the control exercised by the giant corporate houses is not direct, but through their ownership and control over the media and other cultural industries. (4) There have often been debates whether cultural industries under the influence of private ownership have change state more on commerce rather than creativity.With increase in corporate interests in cultural industries and media whose primary motive is earning large profit and returns, many scholars olfactory perception that there has been a compromise in the quality of news generated. Journalism must maintain high quality but with new budget cut downs to reduce costs there has been a decline in the resources available to the journalists. Also, there has been a shift of concentration from important political and economic events to chin wag on the lives of celebrities and the entertainment world as this proves to be more lucrative for them. Thus, there is concentration on publi c taste and what the public want to see, which some scholars point out is rather good than concentration on what the elites want people to see.Ben Bagdikian in his work The Media Monopoly listed the number of media companies in different industries like newspapers, magazines, motion pictures and television in the US market. In 1983, he found that there were 50 major corporations but their number continuously dwindled over the years and eventually became only 5 in 2004. This clearly manifested the scope of influence that these corporation have in influencing the cultural industries. (pg205)Many critics point out corporations may become victims of the environment they exist in. For this reason many of them have adopted the policy of de-convergence in recent years, whereby they concentrate on their primary business areas and have exchange off their other business operations. But conglomeration continues to exist as one of the main features of cultural industry.CONCLUSIONAfter careful scrutiny of the important role of cultural industries and the impact of conglomerate type of ownership on them, one observes that the latter limits the autonomy of the cultural industries in various manners. It is imperative that initiatives be taken to liberalize them from the corporate interests which bind them. It must be noted, that this form of ownership can have positive impacts as well. For instance, the corporate houses can control and keep a check on the government and limit them from acting arbitrarily or biased decisions. They also help promote healthy competition in the society. But after weighing the positive and negative impacts of conglomerate ownership over cultural industries one can conclude that there is need to take positive action in form of diversification of ownership.REFERENCESThe Definition of Cultural Industrieshttp//www.pedrobendassolli.com/pesquisa/icc1.pdfReference provided The Cultural Industries By David HesmondhalghMedia Conglomerates, Mergers, Conc entration of Ownership,http//www.globalissues.org/article/159/media-conglomerates-mergers-concentration-of-ownershipMedia Ownership Does It field of study?http//lirne.net/resources/netknowledge/meier.pdfThe Media Industry Structure, Strategy and Debateshttp//www.sagepub.com/mcquail6/Online%20readings/9b%20Croteau%20%20Hoynes%20-Devereux-Ch-02.pdf